Not FDA approved
Cellular coenzyme
NAD+
A central cellular coenzyme with legitimate biology but little clinical-outcomes evidence for wellness infusions.
Healthy agingMitochondrial health
Limited or unclear evidence
Read molecule fact sheetRelated frontier molecules
Beyond peptides—without blurring the science.
NAD+, metformin, rapamycin, and other frontier molecules belong in the conversation, but not in the peptide category. Browse their regulatory status, human evidence, risks, and unknowns here.
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Showing 13 of 13 molecule fact sheets
Not FDA approved
Vitamin B3-related NAD+ precursor
Nicotinamide riboside
An NAD+ precursor that reliably changes biomarkers but has not shown a consistent anti-aging or cognitive benefit.
Healthy agingMitochondrial health
Early human evidence
Read molecule fact sheetNot FDA approved
NAD+ precursor
Nicotinamide mononucleotide
An NAD+ precursor with small human trials and unresolved real-world clinical value.
Healthy agingMitochondrial health
Early human evidence
Read molecule fact sheetFDA approved for specific uses
mTOR-inhibiting medicine
Sirolimus
An FDA-approved immunosuppressant with serious risks and unproven longevity use in healthy people.
Healthy agingImmune and infection
Strong human evidence for approved uses
Read molecule fact sheetFDA approved for specific uses
Biguanide medicine
Metformin
A foundational diabetes medicine being studied in geroscience, without an approved anti-aging use.
Metabolic healthHealthy aging
Strong human evidence for approved uses
Read molecule fact sheetNot FDA approved
Gut-microbiome-derived metabolite
Urolithin A
A mitophagy-related metabolite with human biomarker and muscle-endurance signals but no approved disease use.
Mitochondrial healthMuscle and performance
Early human evidence
Read molecule fact sheetNot FDA approved
Naturally occurring polyamine
Spermidine
A food-derived polyamine linked to autophagy biology, with a negative phase 2 cognitive primary outcome.
Healthy agingCognition and brain
Early human evidence
Read molecule fact sheetIn clinical trials
Flavonoid and experimental senolytic
Fisetin
A plant flavonoid with striking mouse senolytic findings but no proven human longevity or frailty benefit.
Healthy agingCellular senescence
Mostly animal or lab research
Read molecule fact sheetIn clinical trials
Investigational senolytic drug combination
Dasatinib plus quercetin
An experimental senolytic pairing that combines a serious cancer medicine with a flavonoid.
Healthy agingCellular senescence
Early human evidence
Read molecule fact sheetIn clinical trials
Energy-cycle metabolite
Alpha-ketoglutarate
A central metabolic intermediate with mouse healthspan findings and unfinished human geroscience questions.
Healthy agingMetabolic health
Mostly animal or lab research
Read molecule fact sheetNot FDA approved
Amino sulfonic acid
Taurine
A common nutrient-related molecule whose animal longevity story is challenged by newer human aging data.
Healthy agingMuscle and performance
Limited or unclear evidence
Read molecule fact sheetNot FDA approved
Cellular energy-buffering compound
Creatine
A well-studied performance supplement with credible muscle evidence and a less certain cognitive-aging frontier.
Muscle and performanceCognition and brain
Moderate human evidence
Read molecule fact sheetIn clinical trials
Ketone metabolite and precursor formulations
Ketone esters and beta-hydroxybutyrate
Compounds that raise circulating ketones reliably but have not established cognitive or healthy-aging benefit.
Cognition and brainHealthy aging
Early human evidence
Read molecule fact sheet