Small-molecule NNMT inhibitor · 5A1MQ, 5-amino-1-methylquinolinium
An experimental NNMT inhibitor studied for metabolic effects in mice.
5-Amino-1MQ has no FDA-approved therapeutic use. The cited cell and mouse studies support preclinical research, not a proven human weight-loss intervention.
- Selective NNMT inhibitors in cells and obese mice
5-Amino-1MQ has no FDA-approved therapeutic use. The cited cell and mouse studies support preclinical research, not a proven human weight-loss intervention.
Check date not recorded; consult the linked source for current details.
Read evidence and limitationsExperimental flavonoid research compound · 7,8-DHF, Tropoflavin
7,8-Dihydroxyflavone is a flavonoid studied in preclinical neurotrophic-signaling models.
7,8-Dihydroxyflavone is not an FDA-approved treatment for the cognitive or mood uses discussed here. Regional use, historical trials and online availability are separate from U.S. drug approval.
Read evidence and limitationsActivin-receptor fusion protein · Ramatercept
ACE-031 is an experimental activin-receptor fusion protein studied to reduce growth-inhibiting signals in muscle.
ACE-031 has no FDA-approved product. The cited Duchenne trial was discontinued because of non-muscle safety concerns; recent primate research does not establish a restarted human program.
- ACE-031 Duchenne randomized study
ACE-031 has no FDA-approved product. The cited Duchenne trial was discontinued because of non-muscle safety concerns; recent primate research does not establish a restarted human program.
Check date not recorded; consult the linked source for current details.
Read evidence and limitationsAcetylated carnitine compound · ALCAR, Acetylcarnitine
Acetyl-L-carnitine is an acetylated carnitine form studied in neurologic disease.
No FDA-approved Acetyl-L-carnitine drug indication is established for the supplement uses discussed here. Supplement availability is not FDA approval of efficacy or safety.
Read evidence and limitationsMelanocortin-1 receptor agonist peptide · Scenesse, Melanotan I, NDP-alpha-MSH
Afamelanotide is approved as the Scenesse implant to increase pain-free light exposure in adults with erythropoietic protoporphyria.
Scenesse is FDA approved to increase pain-free light exposure in adults with a history of phototoxic reactions from EPP. Its implant-specific approval does not extend to general tanning, powders or other delivery products.
- Scenesse prescribing information
Scenesse is FDA approved to increase pain-free light exposure in adults with a history of phototoxic reactions from EPP. Its implant-specific approval does not extend to general tanning, powders or other delivery products.
Check date not recorded; consult the linked source for current details.
Read evidence and limitationsArginine-derived research compound · Agmatine sulfate
Agmatine is an arginine-derived compound with early pain research.
No FDA-approved Agmatine drug indication is established for the supplement uses discussed here. Supplement availability is not FDA approval of efficacy or safety.
Read evidence and limitationsCopper-binding tripeptide · Alanyl-histidyl-lysine copper
AHK-Cu is a copper-binding tripeptide studied in isolated human hair follicles and cultured cells.
AHK-Cu has no FDA-approved therapeutic product. The cited experiments or cosmetic uses do not establish an approved human treatment.
Read evidence and limitationsAdenosine-regulating research small molecule · Acadesine, AICA riboside
AICAR, also called acadesine, is a research small molecule involved in cellular energy signaling.
AICAR has no FDA-approved exercise, weight-loss or recovery indication. RED-CABG was stopped for futility; this does not establish every research program has ended.
- RED-CABG randomized trial
AICAR has no FDA-approved exercise, weight-loss or recovery indication. RED-CABG was stopped for futility; this does not establish every research program has ended.
Check date not recorded; consult the linked source for current details.
Read evidence and limitationsCholine-containing supplement compound · Choline alfoscerate, L-alpha-glycerylphosphorylcholine
Alpha-GPC is a choline-containing compound with a controlled Alzheimer-dementia study and smaller performance research.
No FDA-approved Alpha-GPC drug indication is established for the supplement uses discussed here. Supplement availability is not FDA approval of efficacy or safety.
Read evidence and limitationsEnergy-cycle metabolite · AKG, 2-oxoglutarate, calcium alpha-ketoglutarate, Ca-AKG
A metabolic intermediate studied for aging, mainly in mice.
AKG has been studied in a randomized human geroscience program but has no FDA-approved use for aging, biological-age reduction, frailty, or disease prevention.
- ABLE randomized human study protocol
Alpha-ketoglutarate has a Phase 2 biological-age trial record and a published protocol, but no FDA-approved anti-aging, frailty, or disease-prevention use.
Check date not recorded; consult the linked source for current details.
Read evidence and limitationsMetabolic cofactor and antioxidant · ALA, Thioctic acid
An antioxidant studied for diabetic nerve symptoms, with mixed results across trial durations and endpoints.
Alpha-lipoic acid has no FDA-approved drug indication for the wellness uses discussed here. Supplement availability is not premarket FDA approval of effectiveness or safety.
- SYDNEY 2: alpha-lipoic acid and diabetic neuropathy symptoms
Alpha-lipoic acid has no FDA-approved drug indication for the wellness uses discussed here. Supplement availability is not premarket FDA approval of effectiveness or safety.
Check date not recorded; consult the linked source for current details.
Read evidence and limitationsNonsteroidal selective androgen receptor modulator · S-4, GTx-007
Andarine is an unapproved SARM encountered in analytical and doping-control studies.
Andarine has no FDA-approved therapeutic product. The cited research does not establish an approved performance-enhancement use.
Read evidence and limitationsRacetam research medicine · Ro 13-5057
Aniracetam is a racetam studied in older dementia trials.
Aniracetam is not an FDA-approved treatment for the cognitive or mood uses discussed here. Regional use, historical trials and online availability are separate from U.S. drug approval.
Read evidence and limitationsModified growth-hormone fragment · AOD9604, Tyr-hGH 177–191
A growth-hormone fragment studied for obesity, without an FDA-approved weight-loss use.
AOD-9604 has no FDA-approved therapeutic product. FDA compounding committee consideration is a separate process and does not authorize weight-loss or recovery claims.
- FDA: safety concerns for selected bulk substances
AOD-9604 has no FDA-approved therapeutic product. FDA compounding committee consideration is a separate process and does not authorize weight-loss or recovery claims.
Check date not recorded; consult the linked source for current details.
Read evidence and limitationsDietary flavonoid research compound ·
Apigenin is a flavonoid found in foods and chamomile.
No FDA-approved Apigenin drug indication is established for the supplement uses discussed here. Supplement availability is not FDA approval of efficacy or safety.
Read evidence and limitationsErythropoietin-derived research peptide · Cibinetide, Helix B surface peptide, HBSP
ARA-290 is an erythropoietin-derived peptide studied for small-fiber neuropathy.
ARA-290 has no FDA-approved therapeutic product. The cited phase 2 studies document historical clinical research, not an approved neuropathy indication.
- ARA-290 randomized sarcoidosis pilot
ARA-290 has no FDA-approved therapeutic product. The cited phase 2 studies document historical clinical research, not an approved neuropathy indication.
Check date not recorded; consult the linked source for current details.
Read evidence and limitationsCosmetic hexapeptide · Acetyl hexapeptide-8, Acetyl hexapeptide-3
Argireline is an acetylated hexapeptide studied in topical wrinkle formulations.
Argireline has no FDA-approved therapeutic product. The cited experiments or cosmetic uses do not establish an approved human treatment.
Read evidence and limitationsBotanical extract (mixture) · Withania somnifera
A botanical extract studied for stress and sleep, with formulation differences and reported liver-safety concerns.
Ashwagandha has no FDA-approved drug indication for the wellness uses discussed here. Supplement availability is not premarket FDA approval of effectiveness or safety.
- Ashwagandha root extract and stress
Ashwagandha has no FDA-approved drug indication for the wellness uses discussed here. Supplement availability is not premarket FDA approval of effectiveness or safety.
Check date not recorded; consult the linked source for current details.
Read evidence and limitationsVasoactive intestinal research peptide · Vasoactive intestinal peptide, VIP, Synthetic VIP
Aviptadil is synthetic vasoactive intestinal peptide.
Aviptadil has no FDA-approved respiratory treatment. The cited TESICO aviptadil comparison stopped for futility; this does not establish that every VIP research program ended.
Read evidence and limitationsBotanical extract mixture · Bacopa, Brahmi
Bacopa monnieri is a botanical extract studied for memory.
No FDA-approved Bacopa monnieri drug indication is established for the supplement uses discussed here. Supplement availability is not FDA approval of efficacy or safety.
Read evidence and limitationsExperimental mitochondrial uncoupler ·
BAM15 is a research mitochondrial uncoupler investigated in cell and animal models.
BAM15 has no FDA-approved therapeutic product. The cited studies involve cells, mice or nematodes, not an established human dosing program.
- BAM15 albumin nanocomposites
BAM15 has no FDA-approved therapeutic product. The cited studies involve cells, mice or nematodes, not an established human dosing program.
Check date not recorded; consult the linked source for current details.
Read evidence and limitationsPlant alkaloid ·
A plant alkaloid studied for glucose and lipid changes, with uncertain weight-loss benefits and important interactions.
Berberine has no FDA-approved drug indication for the wellness uses discussed here. Supplement availability is not premarket FDA approval of effectiveness or safety.
- Berberine pilot study in type 2 diabetes
Berberine has no FDA-approved drug indication for the wellness uses discussed here. Supplement availability is not premarket FDA approval of effectiveness or safety.
Check date not recorded; consult the linked source for current details.
Read evidence and limitationsCarnosine-precursor amino acid · β-Alanine
Beta-alanine supplies a precursor for muscle carnosine and is studied for high-intensity exercise.
No FDA-approved Beta-alanine drug indication is established for the supplement uses discussed here. Supplement availability is not FDA approval of efficacy or safety.
Read evidence and limitationsMethyl-donor medicine and supplement compound · Trimethylglycine, TMG, Betaine anhydrous, Cystadane
Betaine, or trimethylglycine, has an approved prescription product for homocystinuria.
Cystadane betaine anhydrous for oral solution is approved to treat homocystinuria and lower elevated homocysteine in defined CBS, MTHFR or cobalamin-related disorders. General wellness products and claims are outside that approval.
- Cystadane prescribing information
Cystadane betaine anhydrous for oral solution is approved to treat homocystinuria and lower elevated homocysteine in defined CBS, MTHFR or cobalamin-related disorders. General wellness products and claims are outside that approval.
Check date not recorded; consult the linked source for current details.
Read evidence and limitationsPeptide · Body Protection Compound 157
An experimental peptide with very limited reliable human evidence.
BPC-157 is not FDA approved. A Phase 2 hamstring-strain trial is registered, and FDA lists BPC-157 among bulk substances for which compounded products may present significant safety risks and for which safety information is limited.
Read evidence and limitationsResearch peptide blend · BPC/KPV blend
BPC-157 + KPV combines BPC-157 and KPV.
There is no FDA-approved BPC-157 + KPV product or established approved use for this combination. Ingredient approvals, where present, do not transfer to the blend.
- PepT1-mediated KPV uptake and intestinal inflammation
There is no FDA-approved BPC-157 + KPV product or established approved use for this combination. Ingredient approvals, where present, do not transfer to the blend.
Check date not recorded; consult the linked source for current details.
Read evidence and limitationsResearch peptide blend · Wolverine blend, BPC/TB blend
BPC-157 + TB-500 combines BPC-157 and material labeled TB-500.
There is no FDA-approved BPC-157 + TB-500 product or established approved use for this combination. Ingredient approvals, where present, do not transfer to the blend.
- BPC-157 and TB-500 in rat tendon repair
There is no FDA-approved BPC-157 + TB-500 product or established approved use for this combination. Ingredient approvals, where present, do not transfer to the blend.
Check date not recorded; consult the linked source for current details.
Read evidence and limitationsResearch peptide blend · BPC/TB/KPV blend
BPC-157 + TB-500 + KPV combines BPC-157, TB-500 and KPV.
There is no FDA-approved BPC-157 + TB-500 + KPV product or established approved use for this combination. Ingredient approvals, where present, do not transfer to the blend.
- BPC-157 and TB-500 in rat tendon repair
There is no FDA-approved BPC-157 + TB-500 + KPV product or established approved use for this combination. Ingredient approvals, where present, do not transfer to the blend.
Check date not recorded; consult the linked source for current details.
Read evidence and limitationsPeptide · Vyleesi, PT-141
A melanocortin-receptor peptide approved for a narrowly defined sexual-desire disorder.
Vyleesi is FDA approved for acquired, generalized hypoactive sexual desire disorder in specified premenopausal women. The label explicitly excludes sexual-performance enhancement and use in men or postmenopausal women.
- FDA prescribing information: Vyleesi
Bremelanotide is approved under the Vyleesi label for a defined indication and population. That status does not make it a general libido, mood, or performance treatment.
Check date not recorded; consult the linked source for current details.
Read evidence and limitationsAdamantane-derived research drug · Bromantan, Ladasten
Bromantane is an adamantane derivative studied for asthenia, meaning persistent weakness or fatigue.
Bromantane is not an FDA-approved treatment for the cognitive or mood uses discussed here. Regional use, historical trials and online availability are separate from U.S. drug approval.
Read evidence and limitationsStimulant and amino-acid combination · Theanine/caffeine combination
Caffeine plus L-theanine has small controlled human studies showing improvements on some attention tasks.
This combination is not an FDA-approved cognitive-enhancement treatment. Food or supplement availability is different from drug approval.
- Theanine/caffeine acute cognition trial
This combination is not an FDA-approved cognitive-enhancement treatment. Food or supplement availability is different from drug approval.
Check date not recorded; consult the linked source for current details.
Read evidence and limitationsPeptide · AM833, long-acting amylin analog
An investigational long-acting amylin analog studied alone and with semaglutide for obesity and type 2 diabetes.
Cagrilintide and CagriSema remain investigational in the United States. Completed and ongoing Phase 3 trials do not equal FDA approval.
- ClinicalTrials.gov: REDEFINE 1
Cagrilintide and CagriSema have Phase 3 records and reports, but no FDA-approved product. Combination evidence should not be treated as cagrilintide-only approval.
Check date not recorded; consult the linked source for current details.
Read evidence and limitationsInvestigational amylin/GLP-1 combination · Cagrilintide–semaglutide
CagriSema combines cagrilintide and semaglutide and has direct phase 3 human evidence for weight reduction.
Novo Nordisk reports filing the CagriSema weight-management application with FDA in December 2025. A submitted application and phase 3 findings do not establish FDA approval.
- REDEFINE 1 primary trial
Novo Nordisk reports filing the CagriSema weight-management application with FDA in December 2025. A submitted application and phase 3 findings do not establish FDA approval.
Check date not recorded; consult the linked source for current details.
Read evidence and limitationsCholine-containing research compound · CDP-choline
Citicoline is a choline-containing compound studied for brain injury and cognition.
No FDA-approved Citicoline drug indication is established for the supplement uses discussed here. Supplement availability is not FDA approval of efficacy or safety.
Read evidence and limitationsPeptide · CJC-1295 DAC
An unapproved growth hormone-releasing hormone analog with limited human data.
CJC-1295 is not FDA approved. FDA has identified limited clinical data and potential safety risks related to compounded products containing CJC-1295.
- FDA: bulk substances that may present significant safety risks
A Phase 2 CJC-1295 study in HIV-associated visceral obesity was terminated, and FDA has not approved a CJC-1295 product. The current public record does not show an active approval path.
Check date not recorded; consult the linked source for current details.
Read evidence and limitationsMitochondrial cofactor supplement · CoQ10, Ubiquinone, Ubiquinol
Coenzyme Q10 is a mitochondrial cofactor studied in several diseases.
No FDA-approved Coenzyme Q10 drug indication is established for the supplement uses discussed here. Supplement availability is not FDA approval of efficacy or safety.
Read evidence and limitationsCholine-uptake research small molecule · MKC-231, BCI-540
Coluracetam is a research racetam also known as MKC-231.
Coluracetam is not an FDA-approved treatment for the cognitive or mood uses discussed here. Regional use, historical trials and online availability are separate from U.S. drug approval.
Read evidence and limitationsSynthetic tetrapeptide bioregulator · Ala-Glu-Asp-Pro, AEDP peptide
Cortagen is a synthetic tetrapeptide studied for nerve-related and gene-expression effects.
Cortagen has no FDA-approved therapeutic product. The cited experiments or cosmetic uses do not establish an approved human treatment.
Read evidence and limitationsCellular energy-buffering compound · creatine monohydrate, methylguanidineacetic acid
A supplement with established exercise evidence and less certain cognitive benefits.
Creatine is marketed as a dietary supplement and is not an FDA-approved drug for muscle loss, cognition, aging, or disease treatment.
Read evidence and limitationsInvestigational senolytic drug combination · D+Q, DQ senolytic combination
An experimental senolytic combination of a cancer medicine and a flavonoid.
The D+Q combination has no FDA-approved senolytic or geroscience use. Dasatinib alone is FDA approved for specific leukemia indications under prescription labeling.
- FDA prescribing information: Sprycel
Dasatinib alone is FDA approved for leukemia indications, but the dasatinib-plus-quercetin senolytic claim remains in small pilot research rather than a defined FDA approval path.
Check date not recorded; consult the linked source for current details.
Read evidence and limitationsPeptidomimetic research compound · PNB-0408, Dihexa acetate
A cognition research compound with preclinical HGF/c-Met findings and major human safety gaps.
Dihexa has no FDA-approved therapeutic use. FDA identifies a lack of human exposure information in its dihexa acetate assessment.
- FDA: safety concerns for selected bulk substances
Dihexa has no FDA-approved therapeutic use. FDA identifies a lack of human exposure information in its dihexa acetate assessment.
Check date not recorded; consult the linked source for current details.
Read evidence and limitationsSleep-related experimental peptide · Delta sleep-inducing peptide, Emideltide
A sleep research peptide with small, inconsistent older human studies.
DSIP is not an FDA-approved insomnia medicine. The cited older studies should not be presented as an active late-stage development program.
- FDA: safety concerns for selected bulk substances
DSIP is not an FDA-approved insomnia medicine. The cited older studies should not be presented as an active late-stage development program.
Check date not recorded; consult the linked source for current details.
Read evidence and limitationsPeptide · Forzinity, SS-31, MTP-131, Bendavia
A mitochondria-targeting peptide with an accelerated FDA approval for a narrow Barth syndrome indication.
FDA granted accelerated approval to Forzinity for improving muscle strength in adults and children with Barth syndrome weighing at least 30 kilograms. A post-marketing confirmatory trial is registered, and continued approval may depend on verification of clinical benefit.
- Forzinity: Barth syndrome — accelerated approval
Subcutaneous injection; Patients with Barth syndrome weighing at least 30 kg. Confirmatory evidence of patient benefit is required. This is not approval for primary mitochondrial myopathy generally.
Source checked: 2026-09-18
- MMPOWER-3
Genetically confirmed primary mitochondrial myopathy; 24 weeks. Neither primary endpoint was met. Primary mitochondrial myopathy is not interchangeable with the approved Barth syndrome population.
Source checked: 2026-09-18
Read evidence and limitationsSelective estrogen-receptor modulator · Enclomifene, Androxal, EnCyzix
Enclomiphene is an estrogen-receptor modulator studied in men with secondary hypogonadism.
Enclomiphene has no FDA-approved therapeutic product. The cited research does not establish an approved performance-enhancement use.
Read evidence and limitationsOral macrocyclic PCSK9-inhibiting peptide · Enlicitide decanoate, MK-0616, Lipfendra
An oral macrocyclic peptide approved as Lipfendra to lower LDL cholesterol in specified adult populations.
FDA approved Lipfendra on July 15, 2026, as an adjunct to diet and exercise to lower LDL cholesterol in adults with hypercholesterolemia, including heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia.
- FDA: Lipfendra prescribing information
FDA approved Lipfendra on July 15, 2026, as an adjunct to diet and exercise to lower LDL cholesterol in adults with hypercholesterolemia, including heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia.
Check date not recorded; consult the linked source for current details.
Read evidence and limitationsNonsteroidal selective androgen receptor modulator · Ostarine, GTx-024, MK-2866, S-22
Enobosarm, also called ostarine, is an investigational SARM with human muscle-wasting and cancer studies.
Enobosarm has no FDA-approved therapeutic product. The cited research does not establish an approved performance-enhancement use.
Read evidence and limitationsFlavanol research supplement · (-)-Epicatechin
Epicatechin is a flavanol found in cocoa and tea.
No FDA-approved Epicatechin drug indication is established for the supplement uses discussed here. Supplement availability is not FDA approval of efficacy or safety.
Read evidence and limitationsTetrapeptide · Epithalon, AEDG
An experimental peptide associated with telomere and aging claims, based largely on laboratory evidence.
Epitalon has no FDA-approved product. Laboratory telomere studies and older reports on related preparations do not document an approved anti-aging treatment.
- FDA: safety concerns for selected bulk substances
Epitalon has no FDA-approved product. Laboratory telomere studies and older reports on related preparations do not document an approved anti-aging treatment.
Check date not recorded; consult the linked source for current details.
Read evidence and limitationsPineal-derived peptide extract · Epithalamine
Epithalamin is a pineal-derived peptide preparation studied in animal aging models.
Epithalamin has no FDA-approved therapeutic product. The cited experiments or cosmetic uses do not establish an approved human treatment.
Read evidence and limitationsDietary thione research compound · L-ergothioneine
Ergothioneine is a food-derived compound that humans absorb and retain.
No FDA-approved Ergothioneine drug indication is established for the supplement uses discussed here. Supplement availability is not FDA approval of efficacy or safety.
Read evidence and limitationsPeptide · Byetta, Bydureon, exendin-4
An approved GLP-1 diabetes ingredient with product-specific marketing status; its larger Parkinson trial did not confirm earlier findings.
FDA lists generic immediate-release exenatide products under ANDA206697 as prescription. AstraZeneca Byetta under NDA021773 and Bydureon BCise under NDA209210 are listed as discontinued. Approval and marketing status are product-specific; no exenatide product is approved for Parkinson disease, cognition, or neuroprotection.
- FDA Drugs@FDA: generic immediate-release exenatide
FDA lists generic immediate-release exenatide as prescription while the cited AstraZeneca Byetta and Bydureon BCise presentations are discontinued. Product-specific diabetes approvals do not establish an approved Parkinson use.
Check date not recorded; consult the linked source for current details.
Read evidence and limitationsGlutamatergic research small molecule · NFC-1, NS-105
Fasoracetam was studied in adolescents with ADHD and selected glutamate-network genetic variants.
Fasoracetam is not an FDA-approved treatment for the cognitive or mood uses discussed here. Regional use, historical trials and online availability are separate from U.S. drug approval.
Read evidence and limitationsFlavonoid and experimental senolytic · senolytic flavonoid, dietary fisetin
A flavonoid with mouse senolytic findings but no proven human longevity benefit.
Fisetin is being studied in human trials but has no FDA-approved drug use for senescence, frailty, cardiovascular aging, cancer recovery, or longevity. Supplement products are not FDA approved for effectiveness.
- ClinicalTrials.gov: AFFIRM-LITE
Fisetin has a small Phase 2 frailty trial record and early human mechanistic research, but no FDA-approved senolytic, frailty, or longevity indication.
Check date not recorded; consult the linked source for current details.
Read evidence and limitationsExperimental follistatin precursor protein · FS344, FST344
Follistatin-344 is a precursor isoform associated with myostatin and activin signaling research.
There is no FDA-approved follistatin-344 bodybuilding product. Early gene-transfer research is not approval of an isolated follistatin preparation.
- FS344 gene transfer in Becker muscular dystrophy
There is no FDA-approved follistatin-344 bodybuilding product. Early gene-transfer research is not approval of an isolated follistatin preparation.
Check date not recorded; consult the linked source for current details.
Read evidence and limitationsExperimental senolytic peptide · FOXO4 D-retro-inverso peptide
FOXO4-DRI is an experimental peptide designed to disrupt a survival mechanism in senescent cells.
FOXO4-DRI has no FDA-approved therapeutic product. The cited efficacy experiments are preclinical, including work in aged mice.
- Original FOXO4-DRI experiments
FOXO4-DRI has no FDA-approved therapeutic product. The cited efficacy experiments are preclinical, including work in aged mice.
Check date not recorded; consult the linked source for current details.
Read evidence and limitationsInhibitory neurotransmitter supplement · Gamma-aminobutyric acid
GABA is an inhibitory neurotransmitter also sold as an oral supplement.
No FDA-approved GABA drug indication is established for the supplement uses discussed here. Supplement availability is not FDA approval of efficacy or safety.
Read evidence and limitationsPeptide · copper tripeptide-1, copper peptide GHK-Cu
A copper-binding tripeptide used in cosmetic research, with mostly laboratory and animal wound-healing evidence.
No GHK-Cu drug product is FDA approved for wound healing, hair growth, anti-aging, or systemic use. FDA identifies potential immune and impurity risks for compounded injectable GHK-Cu and limited human safety data.
Read evidence and limitationsPeptide · growth hormone-releasing peptide-2, pralmorelin
An unapproved ghrelin-receptor agonist that raises growth hormone and appetite without proven muscle-building outcomes.
GHRP-2 is not FDA approved. FDA places GHRP-2 for injectable and nasal routes in a compounding category associated with potential significant safety risks.
Read evidence and limitationsGrowth-hormone secretagogue · Growth hormone-releasing peptide-6
A peptide that releases growth hormone, with limited evidence for meaningful recovery outcomes.
GHRP-6 has no FDA-approved product. Human endocrine research and FDA compounding review do not constitute approval for muscle growth or recovery.
- FDA: safety concerns for selected bulk substances
GHRP-6 has no FDA-approved product. Human endocrine research and FDA compounding review do not constitute approval for muscle growth or recovery.
Check date not recorded; consult the linked source for current details.
Read evidence and limitationsResearch peptide blend · GHK-Cu + BPC-157 + TB-500
GLOW blend combines GHK-Cu, BPC-157 and TB-500.
There is no FDA-approved GLOW blend product or established approved use for this combination. Ingredient approvals, where present, do not transfer to the blend.
- GHK-Cu wound study in rats
There is no FDA-approved GLOW blend product or established approved use for this combination. Ingredient approvals, where present, do not transfer to the blend.
Check date not recorded; consult the linked source for current details.
Read evidence and limitationsTripeptide antioxidant · GSH, Reduced glutathione
A tripeptide antioxidant with small human biomarker and skin-pigmentation studies; broad wellness benefits are unproven.
Glutathione has no FDA-approved drug indication for the wellness uses discussed here. Supplement availability is not premarket FDA approval of effectiveness or safety.
- Oral glutathione and body stores
Glutathione has no FDA-approved drug indication for the wellness uses discussed here. Supplement availability is not premarket FDA approval of effectiveness or safety.
Check date not recorded; consult the linked source for current details.
Read evidence and limitationsAmino acid ·
An amino acid with small sleep studies and broader metabolic research; clinical benefits remain uncertain.
Glycine has no FDA-approved drug indication for the wellness uses discussed here. Supplement availability is not premarket FDA approval of effectiveness or safety.
- Glycine and daytime performance after sleep restriction
Glycine has no FDA-approved drug indication for the wellness uses discussed here. Supplement availability is not premarket FDA approval of effectiveness or safety.
Check date not recorded; consult the linked source for current details.
Read evidence and limitationsGlutathione-precursor supplement combination · Glycine + N-acetylcysteine
GlyNAC combines glycine and N-acetylcysteine as glutathione precursors.
GlyNAC is not an FDA-approved anti-aging drug. Dietary-supplement marketing does not establish premarket approval of safety or efficacy.
- GlyNAC randomized older-adult study
GlyNAC is not an FDA-approved anti-aging drug. Dietary-supplement marketing does not establish premarket approval of safety or efficacy.
Check date not recorded; consult the linked source for current details.
Read evidence and limitationsGonadotropin-releasing hormone peptide · GnRH, Gonadotropin-releasing hormone, Factrel, Lutrepulse
Gonadorelin is synthetic gonadotropin-releasing hormone, which stimulates pituitary LH and FSH.
FDA application records list all human Factrel and Lutrepulse products as discontinued from marketing. Marketing discontinuation does not by itself establish withdrawal of approval, a safety reason or absence of every research use.
- FDA application records: gonadorelin products
FDA application records list all human Factrel and Lutrepulse products as discontinued from marketing. Marketing discontinuation does not by itself establish withdrawal of approval, a safety reason or absence of every research use.
Check date not recorded; consult the linked source for current details.
Read evidence and limitationsExperimental PPAR-delta agonist · Cardarine, GW1516, Endurobol
GW501516, commonly called cardarine, is a PPAR-delta agonist, not a SARM or peptide.
GW501516 has no FDA-approved product. WADA reports that pharmaceutical development was terminated after serious preclinical toxicities; independent laboratory research is not regulatory approval.
Read evidence and limitationsGrowth-hormone secretagogue · Examorelin
An experimental growth-hormone secretagogue with hormone and sleep effects in small studies.
Hexarelin has no FDA-approved therapeutic product. The cited endocrine experiments document historical human research, not an established approved recovery or sleep treatment.
- Hexarelin endocrine responses in humans
Hexarelin has no FDA-approved therapeutic product. The cited endocrine experiments document historical human research, not an established approved recovery or sleep treatment.
Check date not recorded; consult the linked source for current details.
Read evidence and limitationsLeucine-metabolite supplement · Beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate, Calcium HMB
HMB is a leucine metabolite studied for muscle preservation and training outcomes.
No FDA-approved HMB drug indication is established for the supplement uses discussed here. Supplement availability is not FDA approval of efficacy or safety.
Read evidence and limitationsPeptide · HN, MT-RNR2 peptide, S14G-humanin (experimental analog)
A mitochondrial-derived peptide studied mainly in cells and animals.
No humanin or humanin-analog product is FDA approved. Human therapeutic development has not produced a mature clinical program establishing benefit for cognition, neurodegeneration, metabolism, or aging.
- Humanin and cognitive aging study
Humanin research is dominated by cell, animal, genetic, and biomarker studies. The page references do not show a mature human treatment program or FDA approval.
Check date not recorded; consult the linked source for current details.
Read evidence and limitationsAcetylcholinesterase-inhibiting alkaloid · HupA
Huperzine A is a plant-derived acetylcholinesterase inhibitor studied for dementia.
No FDA-approved Huperzine A drug indication is established for the supplement uses discussed here. Supplement availability is not FDA approval of efficacy or safety.
Read evidence and limitationsSmall-molecule ghrelin mimetic · MK-677, MK-0677, Ibutamoren mesylate
A non-peptide growth-hormone secretagogue with lean-mass findings, glucose effects, and a heart-failure safety signal.
Ibutamoren has no FDA-approved product. Historical trials in older adults do not establish approval for bodybuilding, recovery, or anti-aging.
- FDA: safety concerns for selected bulk substances
Ibutamoren has no FDA-approved product. Historical trials in older adults do not establish approval for bodybuilding, recovery, or anti-aging.
Check date not recorded; consult the linked source for current details.
Read evidence and limitationsTruncated IGF-1 research protein · Des(1–3)IGF-I, Des IGF-1
IGF-1 DES is an IGF-1 variant missing its first three amino acids.
There is no FDA-approved IGF-1 DES treatment. The cited preclinical studies do not establish an approved growth or recovery use.
Read evidence and limitationsModified insulin-like growth factor protein · Long R3 IGF-I, Long arginine 3 IGF-1
IGF-1 LR3 is a modified IGF-1 research protein with reduced binding to IGF-binding proteins.
No FDA-approved IGF-1 LR3 product is established. Research use and approved uses of other IGF-1 products are separate matters.
Read evidence and limitationsPeptide · ipamorelin acetate
An unapproved growth hormone secretagogue with limited clinical evidence and FDA-identified concerns.
Ipamorelin is not FDA approved. FDA has described potential immunogenicity and impurity concerns and insufficient safety information for certain routes.
Read evidence and limitationsExperimental stress-response small molecule · Integrated stress response inhibitor
ISRIB is a laboratory small molecule that modulates the integrated stress response.
ISRIB is not an FDA-approved treatment for the cognitive or mood uses discussed here. Regional use, historical trials and online availability are separate from U.S. drug approval.
Read evidence and limitationsKetone metabolite and precursor formulations · BHB, beta-hydroxybutyrate, exogenous ketones, ketone monoester
Compounds that raise circulating ketones reliably but have not established cognitive or healthy-aging benefit.
Exogenous ketone formulations are being studied in human trials but are not FDA-approved drugs for cognitive decline, frailty, metabolic syndrome, or longevity.
- ClinicalTrials.gov: ketone ester brain-metabolism study
Ketone ester and beta-hydroxybutyrate formulations are in human research, including a brain-metabolism study without a conventional phase label, but the cited record does not show an FDA-approved cognitive or anti-aging drug path.
Check date not recorded; consult the linked source for current details.
Read evidence and limitationsPeptide · kisspeptin-54, kisspeptin-10, metastin
A reproductive signaling peptide studied in fertility, hormone release, and brain responses.
Kisspeptin has no FDA-approved drug product. Human research includes completed Phase 2 IVF studies, while FDA has described limited safety information and potential peptide-quality concerns for compounded kisspeptin-10.
- ClinicalTrials.gov: kisspeptin in IVF
Kisspeptin has human Phase 2 research in IVF-related triggering, but it has no FDA-approved product or broad reproductive, mood, or wellness indication.
Check date not recorded; consult the linked source for current details.
Read evidence and limitationsResearch peptide blend · GHK-Cu + BPC-157 + TB-500 + KPV
KLOW blend combines GHK-Cu, BPC-157, TB-500 and KPV.
There is no FDA-approved KLOW blend product or established approved use for this combination. Ingredient approvals, where present, do not transfer to the blend.
- PepT1-mediated KPV uptake and intestinal inflammation
There is no FDA-approved KLOW blend product or established approved use for this combination. Ingredient approvals, where present, do not transfer to the blend.
Check date not recorded; consult the linked source for current details.
Read evidence and limitationsTripeptide · Lys-Pro-Val
A short peptide with anti-inflammatory findings in cells and mice, without established human benefits.
KPV has no FDA-approved therapeutic use. The cited work is preclinical, and FDA describes a lack of human exposure data in its compounding assessment.
- FDA: safety concerns for selected bulk substances
KPV has no FDA-approved therapeutic use. The cited work is preclinical, and FDA describes a lack of human exposure data in its compounding assessment.
Check date not recorded; consult the linked source for current details.
Read evidence and limitationsCarnitine replacement medicine and supplement compound · Levocarnitine, Carnitor
L-carnitine supports fatty-acid transport and has approved prescription products for defined carnitine-deficiency disorders.
Carnitor oral labeling covers primary systemic carnitine deficiency and carnitine deficiency from inborn errors of metabolism. This does not approve general fat loss, athletic enhancement or supplement products.
- Carnitor tablets prescribing information
Carnitor oral labeling covers primary systemic carnitine deficiency and carnitine deficiency from inborn errors of metabolism. This does not approve general fat loss, athletic enhancement or supplement products.
Check date not recorded; consult the linked source for current details.
Read evidence and limitationsArginine-precursor amino acid · Citrulline
L-citrulline is an amino acid studied for nitric-oxide-related physiology and exercise.
No FDA-approved L-citrulline drug indication is established for the supplement uses discussed here. Supplement availability is not FDA approval of efficacy or safety.
Read evidence and limitationsUrea-cycle amino acid supplement · Ornithine
L-ornithine is a non-protein amino acid studied for stress and sleep.
No FDA-approved L-ornithine drug indication is established for the supplement uses discussed here. Supplement availability is not FDA approval of efficacy or safety.
Read evidence and limitationsAmino acid found in tea · Theanine
A tea-derived amino acid studied for stress, attention and sleep, with small and mixed human trials.
L-theanine has no FDA-approved drug indication for the wellness uses discussed here. Supplement availability is not premarket FDA approval of effectiveness or safety.
- L-theanine and stress-related symptoms
L-theanine has no FDA-approved drug indication for the wellness uses discussed here. Supplement availability is not premarket FDA approval of effectiveness or safety.
Check date not recorded; consult the linked source for current details.
Read evidence and limitationsNonsteroidal selective androgen receptor modulator · LGD-4033, VK5211
Ligandrol is an experimental SARM.
Ligandrol has no FDA-approved therapeutic product. The cited research does not establish an approved performance-enhancement use.
Read evidence and limitationsPeptide · Linzess, guanylate cyclase-C agonist
A minimally absorbed peptide medicine approved for several constipation disorders in defined adult and pediatric populations.
Current FDA labeling covers IBS with constipation, chronic idiopathic constipation, and pediatric functional constipation in the specific age groups listed for each indication.
- FDA prescribing information: Linzess
Linaclotide is approved under the Linzess label for specific adult and pediatric constipation-related indications. The approval is label-specific.
Check date not recorded; consult the linked source for current details.
Read evidence and limitationsPeptide · Victoza, Saxenda
An established GLP-1 medicine approved for specific diabetes and weight-management uses.
FDA-approved liraglutide products have indications for type 2 diabetes or chronic weight management in defined populations. Check current labeling for age and eligibility details.
- Victoza: Cardiovascular outcomes — approved
Subcutaneous injection; Adults with type 2 diabetes and established cardiovascular disease. Does not transfer to people without diabetes or establish general longevity benefit.
Source checked: 2026-09-18
- LEADER
Type 2 diabetes and high cardiovascular risk; Median follow-up 3.8 years. 608/4668 (13.0%) versus 694/4672 (14.9%) had a primary event. Population differs from SELECT; these two placebo comparisons cannot rank liraglutide against semaglutide.
Source checked: 2026-09-18
Read evidence and limitationsSynthetic tetrapeptide bioregulator · Lyvagen, Lys-Glu-Asp-Ala, KEDA peptide
Livagen is a synthetic tetrapeptide studied in cultured lymphocytes, rat hepatocytes and digestive-enzyme experiments.
Livagen has no FDA-approved therapeutic product. The cited experiments or cosmetic uses do not establish an approved human treatment.
Read evidence and limitationsPeptide · Adlyxin, Lyxumia, lixisenatide acetate, Soliqua 100/33 (with insulin glargine)
A GLP-1 peptide in an approved insulin combination for diabetes, with discontinued standalone Adlyxin and unconfirmed Parkinson evidence.
FDA lists Soliqua 100/33 as a prescription product approved with diet and exercise for glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes. The standalone Adlyxin presentations are discontinued; this does not establish withdrawal of their approval. Neither product is approved for Parkinson disease.
- FDA Purple Book: Soliqua 100/33 product status
Soliqua 100/33 combines insulin glargine and lixisenatide for glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes. FDA lists this combination as prescription and standalone Adlyxin as discontinued. Neither diabetes approval establishes an approved Parkinson use.
Check date not recorded; consult the linked source for current details.
Read evidence and limitationsHuman antimicrobial research peptide · Cathelicidin LL-37
LL-37 is a human host-defense peptide studied in wound formulations.
LL-37 has no FDA-approved therapeutic product. FDA identifies inadequate safety information and nonclinical reproductive and tumor-promoting concerns in certain settings.
- HEAL LL-37 randomized trial
LL-37 has no FDA-approved therapeutic product. FDA identifies inadequate safety information and nonclinical reproductive and tumor-promoting concerns in certain settings.
Check date not recorded; consult the linked source for current details.
Read evidence and limitationsMagnesium salt supplement · Magtein
Magnesium L-threonate is a magnesium salt studied for cognition and sleep.
No FDA-approved Magnesium L-threonate drug indication is established for the supplement uses discussed here. Supplement availability is not FDA approval of efficacy or safety.
Read evidence and limitationsGLP-1/glucagon dual-agonist peptide · IBI362, LY3305677
Mazdutide is a GLP-1/glucagon dual agonist approved in China for defined weight-management use and studied in randomized metabolic trials.
China has approved mazdutide injection for chronic weight management in adults with obesity or overweight under its local product rules. There is no FDA-approved mazdutide product; the Chinese approval does not apply to unrelated online formulations.
- Suzhou market regulator: mazdutide NMPA approval
China has approved mazdutide injection for chronic weight management in adults with obesity or overweight under its local product rules. There is no FDA-approved mazdutide product; the Chinese approval does not apply to unrelated online formulations.
Check date not recorded; consult the linked source for current details.
Read evidence and limitationsRecombinant IGF-1 protein medicine · Increlex, Recombinant human IGF-1
Mecasermin is recombinant human IGF-1 approved as Increlex for defined pediatric growth-failure disorders.
Increlex is approved for growth failure in children aged at least two with severe primary IGF-1 deficiency, or GH-gene deletion with neutralizing GH antibodies. It is not approved for athletic enhancement or general anti-aging.
- Increlex prescribing information
Increlex is approved for growth failure in children aged at least two with severe primary IGF-1 deficiency, or GH-gene deletion with neutralizing GH antibodies. It is not approved for athletic enhancement or general anti-aging.
Check date not recorded; consult the linked source for current details.
Read evidence and limitationsIGF-1 splice-associated research peptide · MGF, IGF-1 Ec E-domain peptide
Mechano-growth factor is a name used for an IGF-1 splice-related precursor and for a proposed E-domain peptide.
No FDA-approved MGF therapeutic product is established. Laboratory work on splice variants does not document an approved recovery treatment.
- MGF replication study
No FDA-approved MGF therapeutic product is established. Laboratory work on splice variants does not document an approved recovery treatment.
Check date not recorded; consult the linked source for current details.
Read evidence and limitationsMelanocortin receptor agonist · Melanotan-2, MT-II, MT2
An unapproved melanocortin peptide associated with tanning and sexual effects, with important safety signals.
Melanotan II is not FDA approved. It is not interchangeable with approved melanocortin medicines, and the cited small trials do not establish a current approval pathway.
- FDA: safety concerns for selected bulk substances
Melanotan II is not FDA approved. It is not interchangeable with approved melanocortin medicines, and the cited small trials do not establish a current approval pathway.
Check date not recorded; consult the linked source for current details.
Read evidence and limitationsCircadian hormone ·
A sleep-timing hormone studied for circadian sleep problems; effects depend on the sleep condition and formulation.
Melatonin has no FDA-approved drug indication for the wellness uses discussed here. Supplement availability is not premarket FDA approval of effectiveness or safety.
- NCCIH: melatonin evidence and safety
Melatonin has no FDA-approved drug indication for the wellness uses discussed here. Supplement availability is not premarket FDA approval of effectiveness or safety.
Check date not recorded; consult the linked source for current details.
Read evidence and limitationsBiguanide medicine · Glucophage, metformin hydrochloride
A diabetes medicine being studied for aging, without an approved anti-aging use.
Metformin is FDA approved for glycemic control in type 2 diabetes. Aging, lifespan extension, and general healthspan enhancement are not FDA-approved indications.
Read evidence and limitationsOxidation-reduction drug and dye · Methylthioninium chloride, ProvayBlue
A dye and medicine approved for acquired methemoglobinemia; wellness claims have very different evidence and risks.
ProvayBlue is FDA approved for acquired methemoglobinemia in pediatric and adult patients. Cognitive enhancement, anti-aging, and consumer oral preparations are not covered by that indication.
- DailyMed: ProvayBlue prescribing information
ProvayBlue is FDA approved for acquired methemoglobinemia in pediatric and adult patients. Cognitive enhancement, anti-aging, and consumer oral preparations are not covered by that indication.
Check date not recorded; consult the linked source for current details.
Read evidence and limitationsModified growth-hormone-releasing peptide · CJC-1295 without DAC, CJC-1295 no DAC, Mod GRF 1-29
Modified GRF (1–29), often called CJC-1295 without DAC, is discussed as a shorter-acting growth-hormone-releasing peptide.
There is no FDA-approved Modified GRF (1–29) product for recovery or wellness. FDA safety findings for CJC-1295 do not validate products sold with a no-DAC name.
- Identification of albumin-binding CJC-1295
There is no FDA-approved Modified GRF (1–29) product for recovery or wellness. FDA safety findings for CJC-1295 do not validate products sold with a no-DAC name.
Check date not recorded; consult the linked source for current details.
Read evidence and limitationsResearch peptide blend · CJC no-DAC + ipamorelin, Mod GRF/IPA blend
Modified GRF + ipamorelin combines modified GRF (1–29) and ipamorelin.
There is no FDA-approved Modified GRF + ipamorelin product or established approved use for this combination. Ingredient approvals, where present, do not transfer to the blend.
- Ipamorelin human hormone-response study
There is no FDA-approved Modified GRF + ipamorelin product or established approved use for this combination. Ingredient approvals, where present, do not transfer to the blend.
Check date not recorded; consult the linked source for current details.
Read evidence and limitationsPeptide · MOTS-c peptide, mitochondrial ORF of 12S rRNA type-c
A mitochondrial-derived peptide studied for metabolism and exercise, without a proven human therapy.
No MOTS-c drug product is FDA approved. FDA's current compounding safety summary states that it has not identified human exposure data for drug products containing MOTS-c.
Read evidence and limitationsCell-signaling polyol supplement · Inositol, MI
Myo-inositol is a cell-signaling polyol studied in psychiatric and reproductive settings.
No FDA-approved Myo-inositol drug indication is established for the supplement uses discussed here. Supplement availability is not FDA approval of efficacy or safety.
Read evidence and limitationsInositol-isomer supplement combination · MI/DCI blend, 40:1 inositol blend
Myo-inositol plus D-chiro-inositol is a combination studied in PCOS.
No FDA-approved Myo-inositol + D-chiro-inositol drug indication is established for the supplement uses discussed here. Supplement availability is not FDA approval of efficacy or safety.
Read evidence and limitationsCysteine derivative · NAC, Acetylcysteine
An acetaminophen antidote with separate research into psychiatric symptoms and antioxidant biology.
Acetadote is FDA approved to prevent or lessen liver injury after potentially hepatotoxic acetaminophen ingestion in adults and pediatric patients weighing at least 5 kg. This does not approve NAC supplements for mental-health or wellness claims.
- FDA: Acetadote prescribing information
Acetadote is FDA approved to prevent or lessen liver injury after potentially hepatotoxic acetaminophen ingestion in adults and pediatric patients weighing at least 5 kg. This does not approve NAC supplements for mental-health or wellness claims.
Check date not recorded; consult the linked source for current details.
Read evidence and limitationsCellular coenzyme · nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, NAD
A cellular coenzyme with limited clinical evidence for wellness infusions.
The linked FDA communication is a compounding safety warning, not an approval decision. The scoped record below documents this limited search; it should not be read as an exhaustive inventory of drug applications or jurisdictions.
- NAD+: Wellness and aging — search incomplete
Compounded products; formulation varies; Wellness populations. The linked FDA warning documents compounding risks, not an approved indication. This page has not completed an exhaustive Drugs@FDA ingredient/alias search.
Source checked: 2026-09-18
- NAD+ metabolome pilot
Human infusion cohort; full participant details not extracted; Six-hour exposure with short-term sampling. The report describes metabolite handling during and after exposure. Does not measure longevity, addiction recovery, cognition or durable functional benefit. Sample size and full risk assessment are not extracted.
Source checked: 2026-09-18
Read evidence and limitationsNAD+ precursor · NMN, beta-NMN
An NAD+ precursor with small human trials and unresolved real-world clinical value.
NMN has no FDA-approved drug indication for aging or any consumer wellness goal. Product-specific U.S. marketing status is a separate legal question from whether a health claim is clinically proven.
- MIB-626 NMN study
Adults aged ≥45 with overweight or obesity; 28 days. Circulating NAD increased; strength, fatigability, aerobic capacity and stair-climbing changes did not differ significantly. Multiple short-term outcomes; no inference about lifespan. This formulation cannot represent every NMN product.
Source checked: 2026-09-18
Read evidence and limitationsVitamin B3-related NAD+ precursor · NR, niagen
An NAD+ precursor that reliably changes biomarkers but has not shown a consistent anti-aging or cognitive benefit.
No nicotinamide-riboside drug is FDA approved to prevent or treat aging, cognitive decline, mitochondrial dysfunction, or fatigue. Dietary-supplement marketing does not equal FDA approval.
- NR mild cognitive impairment pilot
Older adults with mild cognitive impairment; 10 weeks. Blood NAD+ increased; cognition did not change. Too small and short to establish prevention of dementia or rare harms. Cerebral blood-flow findings did not survive correction for multiple comparisons.
Source checked: 2026-09-18
Read evidence and limitationsSynthetic dipeptide-derived research compound · GVS-111, Omberacetam
Noopept is a synthetic dipeptide-derived compound studied for cognitive disorders and in animal models.
Noopept is not an FDA-approved treatment for the cognitive or mood uses discussed here. Regional use, historical trials and online availability are separate from U.S. drug approval.
Read evidence and limitationsExperimental neurogenic small molecule · NSI-189 phosphate
NSI-189 is an experimental small molecule studied in depression.
NSI-189 is not an FDA-approved treatment for the cognitive or mood uses discussed here. Regional use, historical trials and online availability are separate from U.S. drug approval.
Read evidence and limitationsSmall-molecule GLP-1 receptor agonist · Foundayo, LY3502970
An oral, non-peptide GLP-1 medicine approved as Foundayo for a defined adult weight-management indication.
FDA approved Foundayo on April 1, 2026, for reducing excess weight and maintaining weight reduction in adults with obesity or overweight with at least one weight-related condition, alongside diet and physical activity.
- FDA: Foundayo prescribing information
FDA approved Foundayo on April 1, 2026, for reducing excess weight and maintaining weight reduction in adults with obesity or overweight with at least one weight-related condition, alongside diet and physical activity.
Check date not recorded; consult the linked source for current details.
Read evidence and limitationsRacetam research medicine · CGP 21690E
Oxiracetam is a racetam studied in older dementia and epilepsy trials.
Oxiracetam is not an FDA-approved treatment for the cognitive or mood uses discussed here. Regional use, historical trials and online availability are separate from U.S. drug approval.
Read evidence and limitationsPeptide · Pitocin, synthetic oxytocin
A natural peptide hormone with approved obstetric products and unproven intranasal cognitive or social uses.
FDA-approved oxytocin products have specific obstetric indications. No intranasal oxytocin product is FDA approved for autism, cognition, social functioning, mood, or consumer wellness goals.
- FDA prescribing information: Pitocin
Oxytocin is FDA approved under product-specific labeling for obstetric use. That approval does not validate autism, bonding, cognition, or wellness claims.
Check date not recorded; consult the linked source for current details.
Read evidence and limitationsCNTF-derived neurotrophic peptide mimetic · P021, Peptide 021
P021 is a CNTF-derived peptide mimetic studied in rodent aging and Alzheimer models.
P021 (P21) has no FDA-approved therapeutic product. The cited experiments or cosmetic uses do not establish an approved human treatment.
Read evidence and limitationsLipid-linked cosmetic peptide · Pal-KTTKS, Palmitoyl-Lys-Thr-Thr-Lys-Ser
Palmitoyl pentapeptide-4 is a lipid-linked peptide studied in topical skin products.
Palmitoyl pentapeptide-4 has no FDA-approved therapeutic product. The cited experiments or cosmetic uses do not establish an approved human treatment.
Read evidence and limitationsExperimental pancreatic tetrapeptide ·
Pancragen is a tetrapeptide investigated in pancreatic-cell, animal and small older-adult metabolic reports.
Pancragen has no FDA-approved therapeutic product. The cited experiments or cosmetic uses do not establish an approved human treatment.
Read evidence and limitationsShortened spadin-derived research peptide · PE 22–28
PE-22-28 is a shortened spadin-derived peptide investigated for TREK-1 channel effects and depression-like behavior in mice.
PE-22-28 has no FDA-approved therapeutic product. The cited experiments or cosmetic uses do not establish an approved human treatment.
Read evidence and limitationsPegylated growth-factor research peptide · Pegylated mechano growth factor
PEG-MGF is a pegylated form of a mechano-growth-factor peptide discussed for muscle recovery.
PEG-MGF has no FDA-approved therapeutic product. FDA reports no identified human exposure data and potential immunogenicity and characterization concerns.
- FDA: safety concerns for nominated bulk substances
PEG-MGF has no FDA-approved therapeutic product. FDA reports no identified human exposure data and potential immunogenicity and characterization concerns.
Check date not recorded; consult the linked source for current details.
Read evidence and limitationsPeptide · ALT-801
An investigational glucagon/GLP-1 dual agonist in mid-stage research for MASH, liver fat, and obesity.
Pemvidutide remains investigational in the United States. Its MASH and obesity programs have not produced an FDA-approved product.
- Randomized pemvidutide MASLD study
Pemvidutide has Phase 2 evidence and a completed Phase 2b MASH program, but confirmatory development and regulatory review remain unresolved.
Check date not recorded; consult the linked source for current details.
Read evidence and limitationsGABA-related psychoactive compound · Beta-phenyl-GABA, Fenibut
Phenibut is a psychoactive GABA-related compound associated with dependence, intoxication and potentially severe withdrawal.
Phenibut is not an FDA-approved treatment for the cognitive or mood uses discussed here. Regional use, historical trials and online availability are separate from U.S. drug approval.
- CDC: U.S. phenibut poison-center exposures
Phenibut is not an FDA-approved treatment for the cognitive or mood uses discussed here. Regional use, historical trials and online availability are separate from U.S. drug approval.
Check date not recorded; consult the linked source for current details.
Read evidence and limitationsPhenyl-substituted racetam · Fonturacetam, Carphedon
Phenylpiracetam is a phenyl-substituted racetam discussed for stimulation and cognition.
Phenylpiracetam is not an FDA-approved treatment for the cognitive or mood uses discussed here. Regional use, historical trials and online availability are separate from U.S. drug approval.
Read evidence and limitationsSynthetic tripeptide bioregulator · Glu-Asp-Arg, EDR peptide
Pinealon is the synthetic tripeptide Glu-Asp-Arg studied in cell and rat stress models.
Pinealon has no FDA-approved therapeutic product. The cited experiments or cosmetic uses do not establish an approved human treatment.
Read evidence and limitationsRacetam research medicine · Nootropil
Piracetam is a racetam with historical human studies in neurologic disorders.
Piracetam is not an FDA-approved treatment for the cognitive or mood uses discussed here. Regional use, historical trials and online availability are separate from U.S. drug approval.
Read evidence and limitationsPeptide · Trulance, uroguanylin analog
An FDA-approved gut-signaling peptide for chronic idiopathic constipation and IBS with constipation in adults.
Trulance is FDA approved for adults with chronic idiopathic constipation and adults with irritable bowel syndrome with constipation.
Read evidence and limitationsExperimental p53-derived anticancer peptide ·
PNC-27 is an experimental peptide studied for disrupting cancer-cell membranes.
No FDA-approved PNC-27 cancer treatment is established. The cited mechanistic studies do not document a successful human treatment program.
- PNC-27 membrane-pore experiments
No FDA-approved PNC-27 cancer treatment is established. The cited mechanistic studies do not document a successful human treatment program.
Check date not recorded; consult the linked source for current details.
Read evidence and limitationsRacetam research medicine · CI-879
Pramiracetam has small human studies in memory impairment and experimental drug-induced amnesia.
Pramiracetam is not an FDA-approved treatment for the cognitive or mood uses discussed here. Regional use, historical trials and online availability are separate from U.S. drug approval.
Read evidence and limitationsPeptide · Symlin, pramlintide acetate
An amylin analog with established diabetes evidence; its U.S. Symlin products are listed as discontinued.
FDA lists the U.S. Symlin presentations as discontinued. Its historical approval covered selected adults with type 1 or type 2 diabetes using mealtime insulin. Marketing discontinuation does not by itself establish an approval withdrawal or its reason.
- FDA Drugs@FDA: Symlin marketing status
Symlin received a product-specific diabetes approval. FDA now lists its U.S. presentations as discontinued; that marketing status does not by itself establish an approval withdrawal or the reason for discontinuation. Its obesity research did not create a stand-alone weight-loss approval.
Check date not recorded; consult the linked source for current details.
Read evidence and limitationsQuinone research supplement · PQQ, PQQ disodium salt
PQQ is a quinone studied for metabolic biomarkers and cognition.
No FDA-approved Pyrroloquinoline quinone drug indication is established for the supplement uses discussed here. Supplement availability is not FDA approval of efficacy or safety.
Read evidence and limitationsFlavonoid ·
A flavonoid studied for blood pressure and inflammation; findings do not establish general senolytic or longevity benefits.
Quercetin has no FDA-approved drug indication for the wellness uses discussed here. Supplement availability is not premarket FDA approval of effectiveness or safety.
- Quercetin crossover study in adults with metabolic risk
Quercetin has no FDA-approved drug indication for the wellness uses discussed here. Supplement availability is not premarket FDA approval of effectiveness or safety.
Check date not recorded; consult the linked source for current details.
Read evidence and limitationsNonsteroidal selective androgen receptor modulator · RAD140, Testolone
RAD-140 is an investigational SARM with early research in heavily pretreated breast-cancer patients.
RAD-140 has no FDA-approved therapeutic product. The cited research does not establish an approved performance-enhancement use.
Read evidence and limitationsPolyphenol · Trans-resveratrol
A plant polyphenol with mixed human metabolic findings and no established life-extension benefit.
Resveratrol has no FDA-approved drug indication for the wellness uses discussed here. Supplement availability is not premarket FDA approval of effectiveness or safety.
- Resveratrol metabolic study in men with obesity
Resveratrol has no FDA-approved drug indication for the wellness uses discussed here. Supplement availability is not premarket FDA approval of effectiveness or safety.
Check date not recorded; consult the linked source for current details.
Read evidence and limitationsPeptide · LY3437943
An investigational triple-receptor agonist in Phase 3 clinical trials.
Retatrutide is not FDA approved. Some Phase 3 studies have reported company-provided top-line results, while other Phase 3, head-to-head, and outcomes studies remain ongoing or active in registries.
- Retatrutide Phase 2
Adults with obesity or overweight plus a weight-related condition; 48 weeks; primary endpoint at 24 weeks. Greater weight reductions than placebo were reported. A Phase 2 result is neither approval nor a direct comparison with semaglutide or tirzepatide.
Source checked: 2026-09-18
- TRIUMPH-1
Adults with obesity or overweight; defined substudies; Primary weight endpoint: 80 weeks. Registry marks the study completed; no results are posted in this registry snapshot. No posted registry results does not mean no results exist elsewhere. Publication search is not complete.
Source checked: 2026-09-18
- TRIUMPH-5
Adults with obesity; Primary weight endpoint: 80 weeks. Active, not recruiting; no registry results posted at the source check. A registered head-to-head design is not a completed head-to-head result. Enrollment is estimated.
Source checked: 2026-09-18
Read evidence and limitationsBotanical extract mixture · Rhodiola, SHR-5 extract
Rhodiola rosea is a botanical extract investigated for stress and fatigue.
No FDA-approved Rhodiola rosea drug indication is established for the supplement uses discussed here. Supplement availability is not FDA approval of efficacy or safety.
Read evidence and limitationsPeptide · PTG-300, Mimrylo
A hepcidin-mimetic peptide approved as Mimrylo for erythrocytosis in adults with polycythemia vera.
FDA approved Mimrylo for erythrocytosis in adults with polycythemia vera. Earlier application-acceptance and priority-review records are historical milestones, superseded by the approval decision.
Read evidence and limitationsNonsteroidal selective androgen receptor modulator ·
S-23 is an experimental SARM investigated in rat male-contraception research.
S-23 has no FDA-approved therapeutic product. The cited research does not establish an approved performance-enhancement use.
Read evidence and limitationsBotanical extract mixture · Crocus sativus stigma extract
Saffron extracts have small controlled studies in mood and dementia.
No FDA-approved Saffron drug indication is established for the supplement uses discussed here. Supplement availability is not FDA approval of efficacy or safety.
Read evidence and limitationsPeptide · Selank acetate, TP-7
An unapproved synthetic heptapeptide studied for anxiety, with a thin and uncertain human evidence base.
Selank has no FDA-approved drug product or use. FDA's current compounding safety summary states that important human safety information is lacking and describes peptide-quality and immune-reaction concerns.
- FDA: safety risks for selected compounded bulk substances
Selank is not FDA approved. Limited human and mechanistic research does not establish an active FDA drug-development program or an approved anxiety treatment.
Check date not recorded; consult the linked source for current details.
Read evidence and limitationsPeptide · Ozempic, Wegovy, Rybelsus
A GLP-1 medicine with FDA-approved products for type 2 diabetes and chronic weight management.
Semaglutide approvals are product-specific. Wegovy injection and tablets have distinct population scopes. Wegovy injection also has an accelerated-approval indication for adults with noncirrhotic MASH and F2–F3 fibrosis; that indication is not assigned to tablets in the reviewed label. Other products have their own diabetes, kidney or cardiovascular label scope.
- Wegovy: Weight management — approved
Subcutaneous injection; Adults with obesity or overweight plus a weight-related condition; ages 12+ with obesity. Adjunct to reduced-calorie diet and increased physical activity. This is label scope, not a recommendation.
Source checked: 2026-09-18
- Wegovy: Weight management — approved
Oral tablet; Adults with obesity or overweight plus a weight-related condition. Do not transfer pediatric injection scope to tablets.
Source checked: 2026-09-18
- Wegovy: MASH — accelerated approval
Subcutaneous injection; Adults with noncirrhotic MASH and fibrosis consistent with F2–F3. Based on MASH and fibrosis improvement; continued approval may depend on confirmatory clinical benefit.
Source checked: 2026-09-18
- Wegovy: MASH — not in label
Oral tablet; MASH population. The reviewed label assigns this indication to injection, not tablets. Absence from this label is not a global regulatory search.
Source checked: 2026-09-18
- Wegovy: Cardiovascular outcomes — approved
Subcutaneous injection; Adults with established cardiovascular disease and overweight or obesity. Risk reduction for cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction or nonfatal stroke.
Source checked: 2026-09-18
- SELECT
Age 45+, established cardiovascular disease, BMI ≥27, no diabetes; Mean follow-up 39.8 months. 569/8803 (6.5%) versus 701/8801 (8.0%) had a primary event. A secondary-prevention population; not a trial in healthy adults or a head-to-head comparison.
Source checked: 2026-09-18
Read evidence and limitationsPeptide · Semax heptapeptide, ACTH(4-7)-Pro-Gly-Pro
An unapproved neuroactive heptapeptide with old, small human studies and substantial evidence gaps.
Semax has no FDA-approved drug product or use. FDA's current compounding safety page identifies potential immune and impurity risks and limited safety information for proposed routes.
Read evidence and limitationsResearch peptide blend · Semax/Selank blend
Semax + Selank combines Semax and Selank.
There is no FDA-approved Semax + Selank product or established approved use for this combination. Ingredient approvals, where present, do not transfer to the blend.
- Controlled clinical study of Semax in ischemic stroke
There is no FDA-approved Semax + Selank product or established approved use for this combination. Ingredient approvals, where present, do not transfer to the blend.
Check date not recorded; consult the linked source for current details.
Read evidence and limitationsPeptide · Geref, sermorelin acetate
A growth hormone-releasing hormone analog whose former FDA-approved product was discontinued.
The FDA-approved Geref product is discontinued from marketing. Current compounded sermorelin products are not FDA-approved drug products, and discontinuation history should be checked in Drugs@FDA.
- Federal Register: Geref discontinuation determination
Geref, a sermorelin acetate product, was discontinued. A discontinued product is not the same as a currently marketed FDA-approved option for wellness or anti-aging use.
Check date not recorded; consult the linked source for current details.
Read evidence and limitationsPeptide · Imcivree, RM-493
An MC4-receptor peptide medicine approved for obesity caused by specific rare genetic conditions.
The Imcivree label covers acquired hypothalamic obesity from age 4, and specified POMC, PCSK1 or LEPR deficiency or Bardet-Biedl syndrome from age 2. These are distinct populations; general obesity remains outside the indication.
- Imcivree: Acquired hypothalamic obesity — approved
Subcutaneous injection; Adults and children aged at least 4 with acquired hypothalamic obesity. Not an indication for general obesity. Acquired hypothalamic obesity has specific warnings.
Source checked: 2026-09-18
- Imcivree: Specified genetic obesity — approved
Subcutaneous injection; Age 2+ with BBS or specified genetically confirmed POMC, PCSK1 or LEPR deficiency. Genetic eligibility and limitations are defined in the label; not all variants qualify.
Source checked: 2026-09-18
Read evidence and limitationsmTOR-inhibiting medicine · rapamycin, Rapamune
An FDA-approved immunosuppressant with serious risks and unproven longevity use in healthy people.
FDA-approved sirolimus products have specific indications, including prevention of organ rejection in selected kidney-transplant patients and treatment of lymphangioleiomyomatosis. Aging and longevity are not approved indications.
- FDA prescribing information: Rapamune
Sirolimus is FDA approved under Rapamune labeling for defined medical uses. Healthy-aging or longevity use remains investigational and should not be folded into the approval.
Check date not recorded; consult the linked source for current details.
Read evidence and limitationsSmall-molecule estrogen-related receptor agonist ·
An experimental exercise-mimetic compound studied in cells and mice.
SLU-PP-332 has no FDA-approved therapeutic use. Its experimental findings should not be presented as a completed human clinical program.
- SLU-PP-332 and exercise capacity
SLU-PP-332 has no FDA-approved therapeutic use. Its experimental findings should not be presented as a completed human clinical program.
Check date not recorded; consult the linked source for current details.
Read evidence and limitationsCosmetic research peptide · Acetyl octapeptide-3
SNAP-8 is a cosmetic name associated with acetyl octapeptide-3.
SNAP-8 has no FDA-approved therapeutic product. The cited experiments or cosmetic uses do not establish an approved human treatment.
- NIH GSRS: acetyl octapeptide-3
SNAP-8 has no FDA-approved therapeutic product. The cited experiments or cosmetic uses do not establish an approved human treatment.
Check date not recorded; consult the linked source for current details.
Read evidence and limitationsRecombinant growth-hormone protein medicine · Recombinant human growth hormone, rhGH, Genotropin
Somatropin is recombinant human growth hormone with product-specific approved deficiency and growth indications.
Genotropin is approved for defined adult GH deficiency and specified pediatric growth disorders. Other brands have their own indications; approval does not extend to general anti-aging or bodybuilding.
- Genotropin prescribing information
Genotropin is approved for defined adult GH deficiency and specified pediatric growth disorders. Other brands have their own indications; approval does not extend to general anti-aging or bodybuilding.
Check date not recorded; consult the linked source for current details.
Read evidence and limitationsNaturally occurring polyamine · dietary spermidine, polyamine
A food-derived polyamine linked to autophagy biology, with a negative phase 2 cognitive primary outcome.
Spermidine is not an FDA-approved drug for memory, cognitive decline, dementia prevention, autophagy enhancement, or aging. Dietary supplements are not preapproved by FDA for effectiveness.
- SmartAge randomized clinical trial
Spermidine has dietary and supplement research, including a negative primary memory outcome in a Phase 2b cognitive trial, but no FDA-approved drug use.
Check date not recorded; consult the linked source for current details.
Read evidence and limitationsExperimental REV-ERB-related small molecule · Stenabolic
SR9009 is a laboratory small molecule investigated in circadian and metabolic models.
SR9009 has no FDA-approved therapeutic product. The cited research does not establish an approved performance-enhancement use.
Read evidence and limitationsExperimental REV-ERB-related small molecule ·
SR9011 is an experimental compound used in circadian-receptor and metabolic research.
SR9011 has no FDA-approved therapeutic product. The cited research does not establish an approved performance-enhancement use.
Read evidence and limitationsIsothiocyanate and precursor-derived supplement · SFN
Sulforaphane is formed from broccoli-related precursors and is studied for cellular stress-response signaling.
No FDA-approved Sulforaphane drug indication is established for the supplement uses discussed here. Supplement availability is not FDA approval of efficacy or safety.
Read evidence and limitationsExperimental cognition-related small molecule · DM235
Sunifiram is an experimental small molecule with rodent and laboratory cognition studies.
Sunifiram is not an FDA-approved treatment for the cognitive or mood uses discussed here. Regional use, historical trials and online availability are separate from U.S. drug approval.
Read evidence and limitationsPeptide · BI 456906
An investigational glucagon/GLP-1 dual agonist in Phase 3 research for obesity and metabolic liver disease.
Survodutide remains investigational in the United States and is being evaluated in Phase 3 obesity and metabolic liver-disease programs.
- Randomized Phase 2 MASH trial
Survodutide has Phase 3 trial evidence and registry records, but it remains investigational until an FDA review supports approval for a defined use.
Check date not recorded; consult the linked source for current details.
Read evidence and limitationsAmino sulfonic acid · 2-aminoethanesulfonic acid
A common nutrient-related molecule whose animal longevity story is challenged by human aging data.
No taurine drug is FDA approved to slow aging, extend lifespan, prevent frailty, or improve general performance. Supplement marketing does not equal FDA-reviewed effectiveness.
- Taurine deficiency as a driver of aging
Taurine is a normal nutrient-related molecule with animal and observational aging research, but no FDA-approved drug use for lifespan, frailty, or general performance.
Check date not recorded; consult the linked source for current details.
Read evidence and limitationsThymosin beta-4 fragment · Ac-LKKTETQ, Thymosin beta-4 fragment 17–23
TB-500 commonly refers to an acetylated seven-amino-acid fragment of thymosin beta-4.
FDA identifies thymosin beta-4 fragment LKKTETQ as TB-500 and reports inadequate human exposure and safety information. No FDA-approved recovery use is established.
- Chemical identification of TB-500
FDA identifies thymosin beta-4 fragment LKKTETQ as TB-500 and reports inadequate human exposure and safety information. No FDA-approved recovery use is established.
Check date not recorded; consult the linked source for current details.
Read evidence and limitationsPeptide · Gattex, Revestive, GLP-2 analog
An FDA-approved GLP-2 analog that improves intestinal absorption in short bowel syndrome dependent on parenteral support.
Gattex is FDA approved for adults and pediatric patients 1 year of age and older with short bowel syndrome who are dependent on parenteral support.
- FDA prescribing information: Gattex
Teduglutide is approved under the Gattex label for short bowel syndrome with parenteral-support dependence in specified age groups.
Check date not recorded; consult the linked source for current details.
Read evidence and limitationsPeptide · Egrifta SV
A growth hormone-releasing factor analog approved for a narrow HIV-related indication.
Egrifta SV is FDA approved to reduce excess abdominal fat in HIV-infected adult patients with lipodystrophy. It is not indicated for general weight-loss management.
- FDA prescribing information: Egrifta SV
Tesamorelin's approval is tied to the Egrifta label and HIV-associated lipodystrophy. It should not be generalized to ordinary weight loss or anti-aging claims.
Check date not recorded; consult the linked source for current details.
Read evidence and limitationsResearch peptide blend · Tesa/CJC/IPA blend
Tesamorelin + CJC + ipamorelin combines tesamorelin, a CJC-labeled GHRH analog and ipamorelin.
There is no FDA-approved Tesamorelin + CJC + ipamorelin product or established approved use for this combination. Ingredient approvals, where present, do not transfer to the blend.
- FDA prescribing information: Egrifta SV
There is no FDA-approved Tesamorelin + CJC + ipamorelin product or established approved use for this combination. Ingredient approvals, where present, do not transfer to the blend.
Check date not recorded; consult the linked source for current details.
Read evidence and limitationsResearch peptide blend · Tesa/IPA blend
Tesamorelin + ipamorelin combines tesamorelin and ipamorelin.
There is no FDA-approved Tesamorelin + ipamorelin product or established approved use for this combination. Ingredient approvals, where present, do not transfer to the blend.
- FDA prescribing information: Egrifta SV
There is no FDA-approved Tesamorelin + ipamorelin product or established approved use for this combination. Ingredient approvals, where present, do not transfer to the blend.
Check date not recorded; consult the linked source for current details.
Read evidence and limitationsInvestigational monoamine reuptake inhibitor · NS-2330
Tesofensine is a small-molecule monoamine reuptake inhibitor studied for obesity.
Tesofensine is not FDA approved. Saniona describes a partner application under review in Mexico; a pending non-U.S. application is not an approval.
- Tesofensine randomized obesity trial
Tesofensine is not FDA approved. Saniona describes a partner application under review in Mexico; a pending non-U.S. application is not an approval.
Check date not recorded; consult the linked source for current details.
Read evidence and limitationsInvestigational two-drug combination · Tesofensine + metoprolol
Tesomet combines tesofensine and metoprolol.
Tesomet has no FDA-approved weight-management indication. Approval of metoprolol for other uses does not approve this combination.
- Tesomet randomized hypothalamic-obesity trial
Tesomet has no FDA-approved weight-management indication. Approval of metoprolol for other uses does not approve this combination.
Check date not recorded; consult the linked source for current details.
Read evidence and limitationsThymus-derived polypeptide extract ·
Thymalin is a thymus-derived polypeptide complex rather than a single well-defined short peptide.
Thymalin has no FDA-approved therapeutic product. The cited experiments or cosmetic uses do not establish an approved human treatment.
Read evidence and limitationsPeptide · Tα1, thymalfasin, Zadaxin
An immune-modulating peptide used in some countries but not FDA approved for any U.S. indication.
Thymosin alpha-1 has no FDA-approved product or indication. FDA has specifically stated that it is not approved to treat or prevent COVID-19 or any other condition and identifies compounded-product evidence and quality concerns.
- FDA: safety risks for selected compounded bulk substances
Thymosin alpha-1 has human studies and non-U.S. product history, but FDA states it has no approved U.S. indication and identifies compounded-product concerns.
Check date not recorded; consult the linked source for current details.
Read evidence and limitationsResearch peptide blend · TA1/thymulin blend
Thymosin alpha-1 + thymulin combines thymosin alpha-1 and thymulin.
There is no FDA-approved Thymosin alpha-1 + thymulin product or established approved use for this combination. Ingredient approvals, where present, do not transfer to the blend.
- ETASS randomized sepsis trial
There is no FDA-approved Thymosin alpha-1 + thymulin product or established approved use for this combination. Ingredient approvals, where present, do not transfer to the blend.
Check date not recorded; consult the linked source for current details.
Read evidence and limitationsPeptide · Tβ4, TB4, full-length thymosin beta-4, TB-500 (fragment marketed online)
A naturally occurring peptide studied in tissue repair; marketed fragments are not FDA approved.
No thymosin beta-4 or TB-500 product is FDA approved for consumer recovery or performance uses. FDA has specifically described evidence gaps and potential risks for the thymosin beta-4 fragment used in compounding.
Read evidence and limitationsZinc-dependent thymic peptide hormone · Facteur thymique serique, FTS
Thymulin is a thymus-derived peptide whose biological activity depends on zinc.
No FDA-approved thymulin therapeutic product is established. Studies of zinc, endogenous hormone levels or animal gene delivery do not document an approved peptide treatment.
- Thymulin and human immune-cell cytokines
No FDA-approved thymulin therapeutic product is established. Studies of zinc, endogenous hormone levels or animal gene delivery do not document an approved peptide treatment.
Check date not recorded; consult the linked source for current details.
Read evidence and limitationsPeptide · Mounjaro, Zepbound
A dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonist approved for specific metabolic and sleep-apnea uses.
Tirzepatide products are FDA approved for specific uses, including type 2 diabetes, chronic weight management, and—under the Zepbound label—moderate-to-severe obstructive sleep apnea in adults with obesity.
- Zepbound: Weight management — approved
Subcutaneous injection; Adults with obesity or overweight plus a weight-related condition. Adjunct to reduced-calorie diet and increased physical activity.
Source checked: 2026-09-18
- Zepbound: Obstructive sleep apnea — approved
Subcutaneous injection; Adults with obesity and moderate-to-severe obstructive sleep apnea. Does not cover every cause or severity of sleep apnea.
Source checked: 2026-09-18
- SURMOUNT-1
Adults with obesity or overweight plus a complication; diabetes excluded; 72 weeks. Active groups had greater mean weight reduction than placebo. Weight change alone does not quantify cardiovascular-event or survival benefit; different active regimens are not pooled here.
Source checked: 2026-09-18
- TRIUMPH-5
Adults with obesity; Primary weight endpoint: 80 weeks. Active, not recruiting; no registry results posted at the source check. A registered head-to-head design is not a completed head-to-head result. Enrollment is estimated.
Source checked: 2026-09-18
Read evidence and limitationsPeptide · Daybue, NNZ-2566
An FDA-approved synthetic peptide analog for Rett syndrome with modest trial benefits and frequent gastrointestinal adverse effects.
FDA-approved Daybue labeling covers treatment of Rett syndrome in adults and pediatric patients 2 years of age and older.
- FDA prescribing information: Daybue
Trofinetide is approved under the Daybue label for Rett syndrome in specified ages. The approval should not be generalized to other neurodevelopmental or cognitive claims.
Check date not recorded; consult the linked source for current details.
Read evidence and limitationsExperimental cognition-related small molecule · DM232
Unifiram is an experimental small molecule investigated in animal memory models.
Unifiram is not an FDA-approved treatment for the cognitive or mood uses discussed here. Regional use, historical trials and online availability are separate from U.S. drug approval.
Read evidence and limitationsPyrimidine nucleoside and nucleotide research compounds · Uridine-5-monophosphate, UMP
Uridine is a nucleoside involved in RNA and phospholipid-related metabolism.
No FDA-approved Uridine drug indication is established for the supplement uses discussed here. Supplement availability is not FDA approval of efficacy or safety.
Read evidence and limitationsGut-microbiome-derived metabolite · UA, pomegranate-derived postbiotic
A mitophagy-related metabolite with human biomarker and muscle-endurance signals but no approved disease use.
Urolithin A is not an FDA-approved drug for any aging, muscle, mitochondrial, or immune indication. Supplement availability is not evidence of FDA-reviewed effectiveness.
- Randomized urolithin A trial in older adults
Urolithin A has human supplement-style trials and biomarker outcomes, but no FDA-approved drug indication for mitochondrial health, muscle function, or aging.
Check date not recorded; consult the linked source for current details.
Read evidence and limitationsSynthetic dipeptide bioregulator · Lys-Glu, KE peptide
Vilon is a synthetic Lys-Glu dipeptide studied in mouse aging and cell-culture experiments.
Vilon has no FDA-approved therapeutic product. The cited experiments or cosmetic uses do not establish an approved human treatment.
Read evidence and limitationsPeptide · Voxzogo
A C-type natriuretic peptide analog approved to increase growth in children with achondroplasia.
Voxzogo is FDA approved under accelerated approval to increase linear growth in pediatric patients with achondroplasia and open epiphyses. The FDA later removed its minimum-age restriction.
- FDA prescribing information: Voxzogo
Vosoritide is FDA approved under the Voxzogo label for children with achondroplasia and open growth plates, with accelerated-approval context and follow-up evidence remaining important.
Check date not recorded; consult the linked source for current details.
Read evidence and limitationsSteroidal androgen-receptor research compound · YK11
YK-11 is a steroidal androgen-receptor research compound often marketed as a SARM or myostatin inhibitor.
YK-11 has no FDA-approved therapeutic product. The cited research does not establish an approved performance-enhancement use.
Read evidence and limitationsUnimolecular GLP-1/amylin receptor agonist peptide · Zenagamtide, Amycretin, NNC0487-0111
Zenagamtide, previously called amycretin, is a single molecule targeting GLP-1 and amylin receptors.
Zenagamtide remains investigational and has no FDA-approved product. The AMBIENCE cardiovascular study is registered as phase 3 and was not yet recruiting in the reviewed registry record; registration is not a trial result.
Read evidence and limitationsPeptide · Prialt, SNX-111
A cone-snail-inspired peptide medicine approved for severe chronic pain under specialist care.
Prialt is FDA approved for severe chronic pain in patients for whom intrathecal therapy is warranted and who are intolerant of or refractory to other treatment.
- FDA prescribing information: Prialt
Ziconotide is approved under the Prialt label for intrathecal treatment of severe chronic pain in a narrow clinical context, not as a general pain remedy.
Check date not recorded; consult the linked source for current details.
Read evidence and limitations