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PeptideFactSheets

The fact sheet library

Peptide fact sheets, without the mystery fog.

Search by name, alias, category, approval status, or evidence level. Each fact sheet puts the quick answer and the unknowns up front.

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Showing 35 of 35 fact sheets

Status, evidence, and unknowns on every page

FDA approved for specific uses

Semaglutide

A GLP-1 medicine with FDA-approved products for type 2 diabetes and chronic weight management.

Weight managementMetabolic healthHeart and kidney outcomes
Strong human evidence for approved uses
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FDA approved for specific uses

Tirzepatide

A dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonist approved for specific metabolic and sleep-apnea uses.

Weight managementMetabolic healthHeart and kidney outcomes
Strong human evidence for approved uses
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In clinical trials

Retatrutide

An investigational triple-receptor agonist in Phase 3 clinical trials.

Weight managementMetabolic healthHeart and kidney outcomes
Moderate human evidence
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FDA approved for specific uses

Liraglutide

An established GLP-1 medicine approved for specific diabetes and weight-management uses.

Weight managementMetabolic healthHeart and kidney outcomes
Strong human evidence for approved uses
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FDA approved for specific uses

Tesamorelin

A growth hormone-releasing factor analog approved for a narrow HIV-related indication.

Metabolic healthMuscle and performanceGrowth hormone research
Strong human evidence for approved uses
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Discontinued

Sermorelin

A growth hormone-releasing hormone analog whose former FDA-approved product was discontinued.

Muscle and performanceGrowth hormone research
Limited or unclear evidence
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Not FDA approved

CJC-1295

An unapproved growth hormone-releasing hormone analog with limited human data.

Muscle and performanceGrowth hormone research
Early human evidence
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Not FDA approved

Ipamorelin

An unapproved growth hormone secretagogue with limited clinical evidence and FDA-identified concerns.

Muscle and performanceGrowth hormone research
Early human evidence
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In clinical trials

BPC-157

An experimental synthetic peptide popular online despite very limited reliable human evidence.

Recovery and tissue repair
Mostly animal or lab research
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Not FDA approved

Thymosin beta-4

A naturally occurring peptide studied in tissue repair; marketed fragments are not FDA approved.

Recovery and tissue repairSkin and hair
Mostly animal or lab research
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FDA approved for specific uses

Elamipretide

A mitochondria-targeting peptide with an accelerated FDA approval for a narrow Barth syndrome indication.

Mitochondrial healthMuscle and performanceRare and genetic conditions
Moderate human evidence
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FDA approved for specific uses

Oxytocin

A natural peptide hormone with approved obstetric products and unproven intranasal cognitive or social uses.

Cognition and brainFertility and reproductive health
Strong human evidence for approved uses
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In clinical trials

Kisspeptin

A reproductive signaling peptide studied in fertility, hormone release, and brain responses.

Fertility and reproductive healthSexual healthCognition and brain
Early human evidence
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FDA approved for specific uses

Bremelanotide

A melanocortin-receptor peptide approved for a narrowly defined sexual-desire disorder.

Sexual health
Strong human evidence for approved uses
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FDA approved for specific uses

Ziconotide

A cone-snail-inspired peptide medicine approved for severe chronic pain under specialist care.

Pain researchCognition and brain
Strong human evidence for approved uses
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FDA approved for specific uses

Setmelanotide

An MC4-receptor peptide medicine approved for obesity caused by specific rare genetic conditions.

Weight managementMetabolic healthRare and genetic conditions
Strong human evidence for approved uses
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FDA approved for specific uses

Vosoritide

A C-type natriuretic peptide analog approved to increase growth in children with achondroplasia.

Rare and genetic conditionsBone growth
Strong human evidence for approved uses
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In clinical trials

Rusfertide

An investigational hepcidin-mimetic peptide under FDA priority review for polycythemia vera.

Blood disorders
Moderate human evidence
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Not FDA approved

Semax

An unapproved neuroactive heptapeptide with old, small human studies and substantial evidence gaps.

Cognition and brain
Limited or unclear evidence
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Not FDA approved

Selank

An unapproved synthetic heptapeptide studied for anxiety, with a thin and uncertain human evidence base.

Cognition and brain
Limited or unclear evidence
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Preclinical research

MOTS-c

A mitochondrial-derived peptide with intriguing metabolic and exercise biology but no proven human therapy.

Mitochondrial healthMetabolic healthMuscle and performance
Mostly animal or lab research
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Preclinical research

Humanin

A mitochondrial-derived peptide studied for cell survival, neuroprotection, metabolism, and aging mostly in preclinical work.

Mitochondrial healthCognition and brainHealthy aging research
Mostly animal or lab research
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Not FDA approved

GHK-Cu

A copper-binding tripeptide used in cosmetic research, with mostly laboratory and animal wound-healing evidence.

Skin and hairRecovery and tissue repair
Mostly animal or lab research
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Not FDA approved

GHRP-2

An unapproved ghrelin-receptor agonist that raises growth hormone and appetite without proven muscle-building outcomes.

Muscle and performanceGrowth hormone research
Early human evidence
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Not FDA approved

Thymosin alpha-1

An immune-modulating peptide used in some countries but not FDA approved for any U.S. indication.

Immune and infection research
Moderate human evidence
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FDA approved for specific uses

Trofinetide

An FDA-approved synthetic peptide analog for Rett syndrome with modest trial benefits and frequent gastrointestinal adverse effects.

Neurologic conditionsRare and genetic conditions
Strong human evidence for approved uses
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FDA approved for specific uses

Pramlintide

An FDA-approved amylin analog for selected insulin-treated diabetes patients, with unapproved weight-management research.

Diabetes and glucose controlWeight managementMetabolic health
Strong human evidence for approved uses
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In clinical trials

Cagrilintide

An investigational long-acting amylin analog studied alone and with semaglutide for obesity and type 2 diabetes.

Weight managementMetabolic health
Moderate human evidence
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In clinical trials

Survodutide

An investigational glucagon/GLP-1 dual agonist in Phase 3 research for obesity and metabolic liver disease.

Weight managementMetabolic health
Moderate human evidence
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In clinical trials

Pemvidutide

An investigational glucagon/GLP-1 dual agonist in mid-stage research for MASH, liver fat, and obesity.

Weight managementMetabolic health
Early human evidence
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FDA approved for specific uses

Teduglutide

An FDA-approved GLP-2 analog that improves intestinal absorption in short bowel syndrome dependent on parenteral support.

Digestive and gut health
Strong human evidence for approved uses
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FDA approved for specific uses

Linaclotide

A minimally absorbed peptide medicine approved for several constipation disorders in defined adult and pediatric populations.

Digestive and gut health
Strong human evidence for approved uses
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FDA approved for specific uses

Plecanatide

An FDA-approved gut-signaling peptide for chronic idiopathic constipation and IBS with constipation in adults.

Digestive and gut health
Strong human evidence for approved uses
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Discontinued

Lixisenatide

A discontinued U.S. GLP-1 product with established diabetes evidence and an encouraging but unconfirmed Parkinson trial.

Diabetes and glucose controlNeurologic conditionsCognition and brain
Moderate human evidence
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FDA approved for specific uses

Exenatide

An FDA-approved diabetes peptide whose promising Phase 2 Parkinson signal failed in a larger Phase 3 trial.

Diabetes and glucose controlNeurologic conditionsCognition and brain
Strong human evidence for approved uses
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