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PeptideFactSheets

The fact sheet library

Peptides & compounds.
One place to look.

Peptides, medicines and emerging compounds, together. Find what people are exploring, what studies show, and what remains uncertain.

72 of 72 fact sheets

Topics describe research interest, not proven benefits.

5-Amino-1MQ

Small-molecule NNMT inhibitor

An experimental NNMT inhibitor studied for metabolic effects in mice.

5A1MQ · 5-amino-1-methylquinolinium

Weight & metabolismAging & energy
Preclinical researchMostly animal or lab research

Alpha-ketoglutarate

Energy-cycle metabolite

A central metabolic intermediate with mouse healthspan findings and unfinished human geroscience questions.

AKG · 2-oxoglutarate · calcium alpha-ketoglutarate · Ca-AKG

Aging & energy
In clinical trialsMostly animal or lab research

Alpha-lipoic acid

Metabolic cofactor and antioxidant

An antioxidant studied for diabetic nerve symptoms, with mixed results across trial durations and endpoints.

ALA · Thioctic acid

Specific conditionsWeight & metabolismAging & energy
Not FDA approvedModerate human evidence

AOD-9604

Modified growth-hormone fragment

A growth-hormone fragment studied for obesity, without an FDA-approved weight-loss use.

AOD9604 · Tyr-hGH 177–191

Weight & metabolismMuscle & recovery
Not FDA approvedLimited or unclear evidence

Ashwagandha

Botanical extract (mixture)

A botanical extract studied for stress and sleep, with formulation differences and reported liver-safety concerns.

Withania somnifera

Brain, mood & sleepHormones & sexual health
Not FDA approvedEarly human evidence

Berberine

Plant alkaloid

A plant alkaloid studied for glucose and lipid changes, with uncertain weight-loss benefits and important interactions.

Weight & metabolismGut & immune health
Not FDA approvedEarly human evidence

BPC-157

Peptide

An experimental synthetic peptide popular online despite very limited reliable human evidence.

Body Protection Compound 157

Muscle & recoveryGut & immune health
In clinical trialsMostly animal or lab research

A melanocortin-receptor peptide approved for a narrowly defined sexual-desire disorder.

Vyleesi · PT-141

Hormones & sexual health
FDA approved for specific usesStrong human evidence for approved uses

An investigational long-acting amylin analog studied alone and with semaglutide for obesity and type 2 diabetes.

AM833 · long-acting amylin analog

Weight & metabolism
In clinical trialsModerate human evidence

CJC-1295

Peptide

An unapproved growth hormone-releasing hormone analog with limited human data.

CJC-1295 DAC

Muscle & recoveryHormones & sexual health
Not FDA approvedEarly human evidence

Creatine

Cellular energy-buffering compound

A well-studied performance supplement with credible muscle evidence and a less certain cognitive-aging frontier.

creatine monohydrate · methylguanidineacetic acid

Muscle & recoveryBrain, mood & sleep
Not FDA approvedModerate human evidence

Dasatinib plus quercetin

Investigational senolytic drug combination

An experimental senolytic pairing that combines a serious cancer medicine with a flavonoid.

D+Q · DQ senolytic combination

Aging & energySpecific conditions
In clinical trialsEarly human evidence

Dihexa

Peptidomimetic research compound

A cognition research compound with preclinical HGF/c-Met findings and major human safety gaps.

PNB-0408 · Dihexa acetate

Brain, mood & sleep
Preclinical researchMostly animal or lab research

DSIP

Sleep-related experimental peptide

A sleep research peptide with small, inconsistent older human studies.

Delta sleep-inducing peptide · Emideltide

Brain, mood & sleep
Not FDA approvedLimited or unclear evidence

A mitochondria-targeting peptide with an accelerated FDA approval for a narrow Barth syndrome indication.

Forzinity · SS-31 · MTP-131 · Bendavia

Muscle & recoveryAging & energySpecific conditions
FDA approved for specific usesModerate human evidence

Enlicitide

Oral macrocyclic PCSK9-inhibiting peptide

An oral macrocyclic peptide approved as Lipfendra to lower LDL cholesterol in specified adult populations.

Enlicitide decanoate · MK-0616 · Lipfendra

Weight & metabolismSpecific conditions
FDA approved for specific usesStrong human evidence for approved uses

Epitalon

Tetrapeptide

An experimental peptide associated with telomere and aging claims, based largely on laboratory evidence.

Epithalon · AEDG

Aging & energyBrain, mood & sleep
Not FDA approvedMostly animal or lab research

Exenatide

Peptide

An FDA-approved diabetes peptide whose promising Phase 2 Parkinson signal failed in a larger Phase 3 trial.

Byetta · Bydureon · exendin-4

Weight & metabolismBrain, mood & sleep
FDA approved for specific usesStrong human evidence for approved uses

Fisetin

Flavonoid and experimental senolytic

A plant flavonoid with striking mouse senolytic findings but no proven human longevity or frailty benefit.

senolytic flavonoid · dietary fisetin

Aging & energy
In clinical trialsMostly animal or lab research

GHK-Cu

Peptide

A copper-binding tripeptide used in cosmetic research, with mostly laboratory and animal wound-healing evidence.

copper tripeptide-1 · copper peptide GHK-Cu

Muscle & recoverySkin & hair
Not FDA approvedMostly animal or lab research

GHRP-2

Peptide

An unapproved ghrelin-receptor agonist that raises growth hormone and appetite without proven muscle-building outcomes.

growth hormone-releasing peptide-2 · pralmorelin

Muscle & recoveryHormones & sexual health
Not FDA approvedEarly human evidence

GHRP-6

Growth-hormone secretagogue

A peptide that releases growth hormone, with limited evidence for meaningful recovery outcomes.

Growth hormone-releasing peptide-6

Muscle & recoveryHormones & sexual health
Not FDA approvedEarly human evidence

Glutathione

Tripeptide antioxidant

A tripeptide antioxidant with small human biomarker and skin-pigmentation studies; broad wellness benefits are unproven.

GSH · Reduced glutathione

Skin & hairAging & energyGut & immune health
Not FDA approvedEarly human evidence

Glycine

Amino acid

An amino acid with small sleep studies and broader metabolic research; clinical benefits remain uncertain.

Brain, mood & sleepAging & energyMuscle & recovery
Not FDA approvedEarly human evidence

Hexarelin

Growth-hormone secretagogue

An experimental growth-hormone secretagogue with hormone and sleep effects in small studies.

Examorelin

Muscle & recoveryHormones & sexual healthBrain, mood & sleep
Not FDA approvedEarly human evidence

Humanin

Peptide

A mitochondrial-derived peptide studied for cell survival, neuroprotection, metabolism, and aging mostly in preclinical work.

HN · MT-RNR2 peptide · S14G-humanin (experimental analog)

Brain, mood & sleepAging & energy
Preclinical researchMostly animal or lab research

Ibutamoren

Small-molecule ghrelin mimetic

A non-peptide growth-hormone secretagogue with lean-mass findings, glucose effects, and a heart-failure safety signal.

MK-677 · MK-0677 · Ibutamoren mesylate

Muscle & recoveryHormones & sexual healthAging & energy
Not FDA approvedEarly human evidence

Ipamorelin

Peptide

An unapproved growth hormone secretagogue with limited clinical evidence and FDA-identified concerns.

ipamorelin acetate

Muscle & recoveryHormones & sexual health
Not FDA approvedEarly human evidence

Ketone esters and beta-hydroxybutyrate

Ketone metabolite and precursor formulations

Compounds that raise circulating ketones reliably but have not established cognitive or healthy-aging benefit.

BHB · beta-hydroxybutyrate · exogenous ketones · ketone monoester

Brain, mood & sleepAging & energy
In clinical trialsEarly human evidence

Kisspeptin

Peptide

A reproductive signaling peptide studied in fertility, hormone release, and brain responses.

kisspeptin-54 · kisspeptin-10 · metastin

Hormones & sexual health
In clinical trialsEarly human evidence

KPV

Tripeptide

A short peptide with anti-inflammatory findings in cells and mice, without established human benefits.

Lys-Pro-Val

Gut & immune healthSkin & hair
Preclinical researchMostly animal or lab research

L-theanine

Amino acid found in tea

A tea-derived amino acid studied for stress, attention and sleep, with small and mixed human trials.

Theanine

Brain, mood & sleep
Not FDA approvedEarly human evidence

A minimally absorbed peptide medicine approved for several constipation disorders in defined adult and pediatric populations.

Linzess · guanylate cyclase-C agonist

Gut & immune health
FDA approved for specific usesStrong human evidence for approved uses

An established GLP-1 medicine approved for specific diabetes and weight-management uses.

Victoza · Saxenda

Weight & metabolism
FDA approved for specific usesStrong human evidence for approved uses

A discontinued U.S. GLP-1 product with established diabetes evidence and an encouraging but unconfirmed Parkinson trial.

Adlyxin · Lyxumia · lixisenatide acetate

Weight & metabolismBrain, mood & sleep
DiscontinuedModerate human evidence

Melanotan II

Melanocortin receptor agonist

An unapproved melanocortin peptide associated with tanning and sexual effects, with important safety signals.

Melanotan-2 · MT-II · MT2

Skin & hairHormones & sexual health
Not FDA approvedEarly human evidence

Melatonin

Circadian hormone

A sleep-timing hormone studied for circadian sleep problems; effects depend on the sleep condition and formulation.

Brain, mood & sleep
Not FDA approvedModerate human evidence

Metformin

Biguanide medicine

A foundational diabetes medicine being studied in geroscience, without an approved anti-aging use.

Glucophage · metformin hydrochloride

Weight & metabolismAging & energy
FDA approved for specific usesStrong human evidence for approved uses

Methylene blue

Oxidation-reduction drug and dye

A dye and medicine approved for acquired methemoglobinemia; wellness claims have very different evidence and risks.

Methylthioninium chloride · ProvayBlue

Specific conditionsBrain, mood & sleepAging & energy
FDA approved for specific usesEarly human evidence

MOTS-c

Peptide

A mitochondrial-derived peptide with intriguing metabolic and exercise biology but no proven human therapy.

MOTS-c peptide · mitochondrial ORF of 12S rRNA type-c

Weight & metabolismMuscle & recoveryAging & energy
Preclinical researchMostly animal or lab research

N-acetylcysteine

Cysteine derivative

An acetaminophen antidote with separate research into psychiatric symptoms and antioxidant biology.

NAC · Acetylcysteine

Specific conditionsBrain, mood & sleepAging & energy
FDA approved for specific usesModerate human evidence

NAD+

Cellular coenzyme

A central cellular coenzyme with legitimate biology but little clinical-outcomes evidence for wellness infusions.

nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide · NAD

Brain, mood & sleepAging & energy
Status unclear or variableLimited or unclear evidence

An NAD+ precursor with small human trials and unresolved real-world clinical value.

NMN · beta-NMN

Aging & energy
Not FDA approvedEarly human evidence

Nicotinamide riboside

Vitamin B3-related NAD+ precursor

An NAD+ precursor that reliably changes biomarkers but has not shown a consistent anti-aging or cognitive benefit.

NR · niagen

Brain, mood & sleepAging & energy
Not FDA approvedEarly human evidence

Orforglipron

Small-molecule GLP-1 receptor agonist

An oral, non-peptide GLP-1 medicine approved as Foundayo for a defined adult weight-management indication.

Foundayo · LY3502970

Weight & metabolism
FDA approved for specific usesStrong human evidence for approved uses

Oxytocin

Peptide

A natural peptide hormone with approved obstetric products and unproven intranasal cognitive or social uses.

Pitocin · synthetic oxytocin

Brain, mood & sleepHormones & sexual health
FDA approved for specific usesStrong human evidence for approved uses

An investigational glucagon/GLP-1 dual agonist in mid-stage research for MASH, liver fat, and obesity.

ALT-801

Weight & metabolism
In clinical trialsEarly human evidence

An FDA-approved gut-signaling peptide for chronic idiopathic constipation and IBS with constipation in adults.

Trulance · uroguanylin analog

Gut & immune health
FDA approved for specific usesStrong human evidence for approved uses

An FDA-approved amylin analog for selected insulin-treated diabetes patients, with unapproved weight-management research.

Symlin · pramlintide acetate

Weight & metabolism
FDA approved for specific usesStrong human evidence for approved uses

Quercetin

Flavonoid

A flavonoid studied for blood pressure and inflammation; findings do not establish general senolytic or longevity benefits.

Aging & energyGut & immune healthWeight & metabolism
Not FDA approvedEarly human evidence

Resveratrol

Polyphenol

A plant polyphenol with mixed human metabolic findings and no established life-extension benefit.

Trans-resveratrol

Aging & energyWeight & metabolism
Not FDA approvedLimited or unclear evidence

An investigational triple-receptor agonist in Phase 3 clinical trials.

LY3437943

Weight & metabolism
In clinical trialsModerate human evidence

Rusfertide

Peptide

A hepcidin-mimetic peptide approved as Mimrylo for erythrocytosis in adults with polycythemia vera.

PTG-300 · Mimrylo

Specific conditions
FDA approved for specific usesModerate human evidence

Selank

Peptide

An unapproved synthetic heptapeptide studied for anxiety, with a thin and uncertain human evidence base.

Selank acetate · TP-7

Brain, mood & sleep
Not FDA approvedLimited or unclear evidence

A GLP-1 medicine with FDA-approved products for type 2 diabetes and chronic weight management.

Ozempic · Wegovy · Rybelsus

Weight & metabolism
FDA approved for specific usesStrong human evidence for approved uses

Semax

Peptide

An unapproved neuroactive heptapeptide with old, small human studies and substantial evidence gaps.

Semax heptapeptide · ACTH(4-7)-Pro-Gly-Pro

Brain, mood & sleep
Not FDA approvedLimited or unclear evidence

Sermorelin

Peptide

A growth hormone-releasing hormone analog whose former FDA-approved product was discontinued.

Geref · sermorelin acetate

Muscle & recoveryHormones & sexual health
DiscontinuedLimited or unclear evidence

An MC4-receptor peptide medicine approved for obesity caused by specific rare genetic conditions.

Imcivree · RM-493

Weight & metabolismSpecific conditions
FDA approved for specific usesStrong human evidence for approved uses

Sirolimus

mTOR-inhibiting medicine

An FDA-approved immunosuppressant with serious risks and unproven longevity use in healthy people.

rapamycin · Rapamune

Aging & energyGut & immune healthSpecific conditions
FDA approved for specific usesStrong human evidence for approved uses

SLU-PP-332

Small-molecule estrogen-related receptor agonist

An experimental exercise-mimetic compound studied in cells and mice.

Weight & metabolismMuscle & recoveryAging & energy
Preclinical researchMostly animal or lab research

Spermidine

Naturally occurring polyamine

A food-derived polyamine linked to autophagy biology, with a negative phase 2 cognitive primary outcome.

dietary spermidine · polyamine

Aging & energy
Not FDA approvedEarly human evidence

An investigational glucagon/GLP-1 dual agonist in Phase 3 research for obesity and metabolic liver disease.

BI 456906

Weight & metabolism
In clinical trialsModerate human evidence

Taurine

Amino sulfonic acid

A common nutrient-related molecule whose animal longevity story is challenged by human aging data.

2-aminoethanesulfonic acid

Brain, mood & sleepAging & energy
Not FDA approvedLimited or unclear evidence

An FDA-approved GLP-2 analog that improves intestinal absorption in short bowel syndrome dependent on parenteral support.

Gattex · Revestive · GLP-2 analog

Gut & immune healthSpecific conditions
FDA approved for specific usesStrong human evidence for approved uses

A growth hormone-releasing factor analog approved for a narrow HIV-related indication.

Egrifta SV

Weight & metabolismMuscle & recoveryHormones & sexual health
FDA approved for specific usesStrong human evidence for approved uses

An immune-modulating peptide used in some countries but not FDA approved for any U.S. indication.

Tα1 · thymalfasin · Zadaxin

Gut & immune health
Not FDA approvedModerate human evidence

A naturally occurring peptide studied in tissue repair; marketed fragments are not FDA approved.

Tβ4 · TB4 · full-length thymosin beta-4 · TB-500 (fragment marketed online)

Muscle & recoverySkin & hair
Not FDA approvedMostly animal or lab research

A dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonist approved for specific metabolic and sleep-apnea uses.

Mounjaro · Zepbound

Weight & metabolism
FDA approved for specific usesStrong human evidence for approved uses

An FDA-approved synthetic peptide analog for Rett syndrome with modest trial benefits and frequent gastrointestinal adverse effects.

Daybue · NNZ-2566

Brain, mood & sleepSpecific conditions
FDA approved for specific usesStrong human evidence for approved uses

Urolithin A

Gut-microbiome-derived metabolite

A mitophagy-related metabolite with human biomarker and muscle-endurance signals but no approved disease use.

UA · pomegranate-derived postbiotic

Muscle & recoveryAging & energy
Not FDA approvedEarly human evidence

Vosoritide

Peptide

A C-type natriuretic peptide analog approved to increase growth in children with achondroplasia.

Voxzogo

Specific conditions
FDA approved for specific usesStrong human evidence for approved uses

Ziconotide

Peptide

A cone-snail-inspired peptide medicine approved for severe chronic pain under specialist care.

Prialt · SNX-111

Brain, mood & sleepSpecific conditions
FDA approved for specific usesStrong human evidence for approved uses